Industrial Organizational Psychology
Final Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
Industrial/Organizational Psychology - Answer-The application or extension of
psychological facts and principles to the problems concerning human beings operation
within the context of business and industry
Two Sides of Industrial/Organizational Psychology - Answer-•Scientific inquiry
•Professional
•Scientist practitioner model: I/O psychologists understand that good application of
knowledge can come only from sound knowledge. Therefore they both contribute
Where do I/O psychologist work? - Answer-•Academic/Universities (35%) (Pros: Quality
of life, Research)
•Consulting firms (30%)
•Private organizations (30%)
•Public organizations (5%)
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Selection and Placement - Answer-•Developing
assessment methods
•Placing employees in jobs that suit them
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Training and Development - Answer-
•Enhancing job performance
•Technical skills
•Management programs
•Effective work teams
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Performance Management - Answer-
•Identifying criteria or standards for performance
•Measuring performance
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Organization Development - Answer-•Analyzing
the structure of an organization
•Goal is to maximize effectiveness and satisfaction
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Quality of Work Life - Answer-Making the job
more meaningful and satisfying to the people who perform it
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Ergonomics - Answer-Designing tools,
equipment, and machines that are compatible with human skills
,History of I/O Psychology (The early years (1900-1916)) - Answer-•Two emerging
forces
•Pragmatic nature of basic psychological research
•W.L. Bryan and studying real skills
•Looked at telegraphers
•The desire of industrial engineers to improve efficiency
•Economics of manufacturing
•Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
•Therbligs: Elements of human motion
•Lilian highlighted the human being as being the most important part of the workplace
Founding Fathers of I/O Psychology: Walter Dill Scott - Answer-•Books/ Literature
•The theory of Advertising
•The Psychology of Advertising
•Influencing Men in Business
•Increasing Human Efficiency in Business
Founding Fathers of I/O Psychology: Frederick W. Taylor - Answer-•Engineer by
profession
•The principles of scientific management
•Science over rule of thumb
•Scientific selection and training
•Cooperation over individualism
•Equal division of work best suited to management and employees
•Work resets controversy
Founding Fathers of I/O Psychology: Hugo Munsterberg - Answer-•Book: Psychology
and Industrial Efficiency
•Selecting workers
•Designing work situations
•Using psychology in sales
•Safe trolley car operators
•WW1 and Munsterberg
•Supported Germany and became ostracized from the field
History of I/O Psychology (World War 1 (1917-1918)) - Answer-•Service to the nation
•Robert Yerkes (President of APA)
•Screen recruits for mental deficiency and assigning selected recruits to jobs in the
army
•Army Alpha
•Army Beta- Designed for the people who couldn't read
•Walter Scott
•Classified and placed enlisted soldiers
•Performance ratings of officers
•Developed and prepared job duties and qualifications for over 500 jobs
•1917- Journal of applied psychology
, History of I/O Psychology (Between wars (1919-1940)) - Answer-•Psychological
Research Bureaus emerged
•The Bureau of Salesmanship Research
•Psychological corporation
•Founded by Cattell
•Currently one of the largest publishers of psychological texts
•Hawthorne experiments began (1924)
•Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company
•Joint venture between Western Electric and researchers at Harvard
•Goal of study was to examine the relationship between lighting and efficiency
•Found that there was no difference in productivity depending on lights. Observation
caused an increase in productivity
•Hawthorne effect- A change in behavior following the onset of novel treatment, with a
gradual return to the previous level of behavior as the effect of the novelty wears off
History of I/O Psychology (World War 2 (1941-1945)) - Answer-•Army approached
psychologists to develop a test that could sort new recruits into 5 categories
•Army General Classification Test (AGCT)
•Perhaps 12 million classified into military jobs on the basis of this test
•Situational Stress Tests (With the U.S. office of strategic services)
•Assess candidates for assignment to military intelligence units
•3 day sessions where candidates lived together and were observed
History of I/O Psychology (Toward Specialization (1946-1963)) - Answer-•Division of
Industrial Psychology of the APA- 1946
•New journals emerged
•New professional associates
•Engineering psychology
History of I/O Psychology (Government Intervention (1964- Present)) - Answer-•Civil
Rights Movement and the Civil Rights Act in 1964
•Impact on I/O psychologists
•I/O psychologists had been free to use assessment tests to make employment
decisions
•Employment decisions led to discrimination in hiring practices
•Government intervened with guidelines for employers so that employment tests did not
uniformly discriminate against any minority group
•Contribution to the military
•Project A
•10 years to complete
•Development of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)
•Given to 300,000-400,000 people yearly
Research Questions - Answer-•General
•What causes people to like or dislike their jobs?
Final Exam Questions with Correct
Answers
Industrial/Organizational Psychology - Answer-The application or extension of
psychological facts and principles to the problems concerning human beings operation
within the context of business and industry
Two Sides of Industrial/Organizational Psychology - Answer-•Scientific inquiry
•Professional
•Scientist practitioner model: I/O psychologists understand that good application of
knowledge can come only from sound knowledge. Therefore they both contribute
Where do I/O psychologist work? - Answer-•Academic/Universities (35%) (Pros: Quality
of life, Research)
•Consulting firms (30%)
•Private organizations (30%)
•Public organizations (5%)
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Selection and Placement - Answer-•Developing
assessment methods
•Placing employees in jobs that suit them
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Training and Development - Answer-
•Enhancing job performance
•Technical skills
•Management programs
•Effective work teams
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Performance Management - Answer-
•Identifying criteria or standards for performance
•Measuring performance
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Organization Development - Answer-•Analyzing
the structure of an organization
•Goal is to maximize effectiveness and satisfaction
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Quality of Work Life - Answer-Making the job
more meaningful and satisfying to the people who perform it
Six General Fields of I/O Psychologists: Ergonomics - Answer-Designing tools,
equipment, and machines that are compatible with human skills
,History of I/O Psychology (The early years (1900-1916)) - Answer-•Two emerging
forces
•Pragmatic nature of basic psychological research
•W.L. Bryan and studying real skills
•Looked at telegraphers
•The desire of industrial engineers to improve efficiency
•Economics of manufacturing
•Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
•Therbligs: Elements of human motion
•Lilian highlighted the human being as being the most important part of the workplace
Founding Fathers of I/O Psychology: Walter Dill Scott - Answer-•Books/ Literature
•The theory of Advertising
•The Psychology of Advertising
•Influencing Men in Business
•Increasing Human Efficiency in Business
Founding Fathers of I/O Psychology: Frederick W. Taylor - Answer-•Engineer by
profession
•The principles of scientific management
•Science over rule of thumb
•Scientific selection and training
•Cooperation over individualism
•Equal division of work best suited to management and employees
•Work resets controversy
Founding Fathers of I/O Psychology: Hugo Munsterberg - Answer-•Book: Psychology
and Industrial Efficiency
•Selecting workers
•Designing work situations
•Using psychology in sales
•Safe trolley car operators
•WW1 and Munsterberg
•Supported Germany and became ostracized from the field
History of I/O Psychology (World War 1 (1917-1918)) - Answer-•Service to the nation
•Robert Yerkes (President of APA)
•Screen recruits for mental deficiency and assigning selected recruits to jobs in the
army
•Army Alpha
•Army Beta- Designed for the people who couldn't read
•Walter Scott
•Classified and placed enlisted soldiers
•Performance ratings of officers
•Developed and prepared job duties and qualifications for over 500 jobs
•1917- Journal of applied psychology
, History of I/O Psychology (Between wars (1919-1940)) - Answer-•Psychological
Research Bureaus emerged
•The Bureau of Salesmanship Research
•Psychological corporation
•Founded by Cattell
•Currently one of the largest publishers of psychological texts
•Hawthorne experiments began (1924)
•Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company
•Joint venture between Western Electric and researchers at Harvard
•Goal of study was to examine the relationship between lighting and efficiency
•Found that there was no difference in productivity depending on lights. Observation
caused an increase in productivity
•Hawthorne effect- A change in behavior following the onset of novel treatment, with a
gradual return to the previous level of behavior as the effect of the novelty wears off
History of I/O Psychology (World War 2 (1941-1945)) - Answer-•Army approached
psychologists to develop a test that could sort new recruits into 5 categories
•Army General Classification Test (AGCT)
•Perhaps 12 million classified into military jobs on the basis of this test
•Situational Stress Tests (With the U.S. office of strategic services)
•Assess candidates for assignment to military intelligence units
•3 day sessions where candidates lived together and were observed
History of I/O Psychology (Toward Specialization (1946-1963)) - Answer-•Division of
Industrial Psychology of the APA- 1946
•New journals emerged
•New professional associates
•Engineering psychology
History of I/O Psychology (Government Intervention (1964- Present)) - Answer-•Civil
Rights Movement and the Civil Rights Act in 1964
•Impact on I/O psychologists
•I/O psychologists had been free to use assessment tests to make employment
decisions
•Employment decisions led to discrimination in hiring practices
•Government intervened with guidelines for employers so that employment tests did not
uniformly discriminate against any minority group
•Contribution to the military
•Project A
•10 years to complete
•Development of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB)
•Given to 300,000-400,000 people yearly
Research Questions - Answer-•General
•What causes people to like or dislike their jobs?
