KPE 160 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Kinematics - Answer describing where something is when - describing movement
Kinetics - Answer
Body Segments - Answer you can divide a body into a number of segments based on our
bones
Anatomical Position - Answer spine in neutral position -
Anatomic planes and positions _____ with the body - Answer move
Types of Anatomic Directions - Answer Global Local Embryonic
Global Directions ________ with the body - Answer do not move
Local Directions _____ with the body - Answer move
examples of global directions - Answer superior (above)
anterior (in front)
examples of local directions - Answer medial (closer to the axis in the coronal plane)
lateral (further from the axis in the coronal plane)
proximal (closer to the axis along extremity, closer to head)
,distal (further from axis along extremity, from head to spine)
Embryonic directions ______ with the body - Answer move
Embryonic directions are based on? -Answer the axes of the embryo
examples of embryonic directions -Answer ventral (toward the embryonic front)
dorsal (toward the embryonic back)
Types of Spinal Curves (4) -Answer lordosis kyphosis scoliosis rotoscoliosis
Lordosis (define and name the plane) -Answer lordotic spinal curve convex anteriorly
and concave posteriorly in the sagittal plane
Kyphosis - a referent to the plane of movement in which kyphotic spinal curve convex
posteriorly and concave anteriorly in the sagittal plane.
Scoliosis - a referent to the plane of movement in which scoliotic left or right specified
as convex in the frontal plane.
Rotoscoliosis - a severe form of scoliosis when spine does not only curve but also has
strong degree of rotation in axial plane
Valgus - Answer distal segment angles away from the axis
Varus knee - Answer distal segment angles toward axis
Posture defined as? - Answer static stationary position of the body
Base of Support - Answer the area confined by the outermost points of your contact
patch (if standing on 2 feet includes the space between your feet)
,contact patch - Answer the part of the body that is in contact with the earths surface
Centre of Pressure - Answer point about which the pressures on all points within the
contact patch balance
- must be within BoS but outside contact patch
- moves with shifts in weight
Centre of Pressure vs Contact Patch - Answer Your weight (forces of gravity on your
body) id distributed across your contact patch
each has some merit
How to assess stance in each plane of movement (5) - Position of CoG
Position of CoP relative to base of support
Symmetry/Asymmetry
Curves - normal increased/ reduced than typical alignment of section and angles
between them
Sitting postures - overall bad for health
Maintain spines neutral
Change position frequently
What is good posture? -Answer NONE- posture implies stasis which is bad if we must
stay still for a long period of time keep joints at or close to a neutral position
Describing Human Movement -Answer our body does not move as a single unit because
it is made of segments which are attached to each other
segment - Answer cut - the entire body can be divided into a number of segments
articulation - Answer divide into parts - allows for mobility of the body
, Joint vs articulation - Answer Joint and articulation are not terms that describe the same
thing - articulation allows for movement while joining of segments restricts relative
movement
skeletal "joints" are "joined articulation"
Joints - Answer point of linkage (when 2 segments within a multi-segment body are
joined their relative motion is constrained)
What is an articular surface? - Answer the points of separation between bones needed
to allow easy movement (low friction)
2 types of cartilage? - Answer Hyaline Fibrocartilage
Hyaline Cartilage - Answer aka articular cartilage
found on the ends of bones
very smooth, slippery, resists compression
Fibrocartilage - Answer resists tension (being pulled)
found at the rims (menisci/labra) of articulation
coaptation - Answer the way in which surfaces constrain movement (compression of
opposite forces bumping into each other)
Joining structures - Answer the anatomic structures that join segments (bones) and
constrain their movements via tension
ligaments - Answer passive collagen-based elastic ropes
connect bones to bone
ACCURATE ANSWERS
Kinematics - Answer describing where something is when - describing movement
Kinetics - Answer
Body Segments - Answer you can divide a body into a number of segments based on our
bones
Anatomical Position - Answer spine in neutral position -
Anatomic planes and positions _____ with the body - Answer move
Types of Anatomic Directions - Answer Global Local Embryonic
Global Directions ________ with the body - Answer do not move
Local Directions _____ with the body - Answer move
examples of global directions - Answer superior (above)
anterior (in front)
examples of local directions - Answer medial (closer to the axis in the coronal plane)
lateral (further from the axis in the coronal plane)
proximal (closer to the axis along extremity, closer to head)
,distal (further from axis along extremity, from head to spine)
Embryonic directions ______ with the body - Answer move
Embryonic directions are based on? -Answer the axes of the embryo
examples of embryonic directions -Answer ventral (toward the embryonic front)
dorsal (toward the embryonic back)
Types of Spinal Curves (4) -Answer lordosis kyphosis scoliosis rotoscoliosis
Lordosis (define and name the plane) -Answer lordotic spinal curve convex anteriorly
and concave posteriorly in the sagittal plane
Kyphosis - a referent to the plane of movement in which kyphotic spinal curve convex
posteriorly and concave anteriorly in the sagittal plane.
Scoliosis - a referent to the plane of movement in which scoliotic left or right specified
as convex in the frontal plane.
Rotoscoliosis - a severe form of scoliosis when spine does not only curve but also has
strong degree of rotation in axial plane
Valgus - Answer distal segment angles away from the axis
Varus knee - Answer distal segment angles toward axis
Posture defined as? - Answer static stationary position of the body
Base of Support - Answer the area confined by the outermost points of your contact
patch (if standing on 2 feet includes the space between your feet)
,contact patch - Answer the part of the body that is in contact with the earths surface
Centre of Pressure - Answer point about which the pressures on all points within the
contact patch balance
- must be within BoS but outside contact patch
- moves with shifts in weight
Centre of Pressure vs Contact Patch - Answer Your weight (forces of gravity on your
body) id distributed across your contact patch
each has some merit
How to assess stance in each plane of movement (5) - Position of CoG
Position of CoP relative to base of support
Symmetry/Asymmetry
Curves - normal increased/ reduced than typical alignment of section and angles
between them
Sitting postures - overall bad for health
Maintain spines neutral
Change position frequently
What is good posture? -Answer NONE- posture implies stasis which is bad if we must
stay still for a long period of time keep joints at or close to a neutral position
Describing Human Movement -Answer our body does not move as a single unit because
it is made of segments which are attached to each other
segment - Answer cut - the entire body can be divided into a number of segments
articulation - Answer divide into parts - allows for mobility of the body
, Joint vs articulation - Answer Joint and articulation are not terms that describe the same
thing - articulation allows for movement while joining of segments restricts relative
movement
skeletal "joints" are "joined articulation"
Joints - Answer point of linkage (when 2 segments within a multi-segment body are
joined their relative motion is constrained)
What is an articular surface? - Answer the points of separation between bones needed
to allow easy movement (low friction)
2 types of cartilage? - Answer Hyaline Fibrocartilage
Hyaline Cartilage - Answer aka articular cartilage
found on the ends of bones
very smooth, slippery, resists compression
Fibrocartilage - Answer resists tension (being pulled)
found at the rims (menisci/labra) of articulation
coaptation - Answer the way in which surfaces constrain movement (compression of
opposite forces bumping into each other)
Joining structures - Answer the anatomic structures that join segments (bones) and
constrain their movements via tension
ligaments - Answer passive collagen-based elastic ropes
connect bones to bone
