CFRN STUDY GUIDE-Study Terms
&Questions with Solutions
Anion Gap - ✔✔8-16, greater than 16=metabolic acidosis
Lactate - ✔✔>2=abnormal
>3=lactic acidosis
>4=significant hypoperfusion
Fibrin Degregation - ✔✔DIC
>40 ug/ml=Critical
PT - ✔✔11-13 seconds (Coumadin)
PTT - ✔✔25-35 seconds (Heparin)
PT/INR - ✔✔0.9-1.2 (Coumadin)
Cranial Nerves 1-6 of 12 - ✔✔1: olfactory-smell
2: optic-vision
3: occulomotor-eye opening/pupil constriction
4: troclear-up/down eye movement
5: trigeminal-chewing/ facial sensation
6: abducens-right/left eye movement
Cranial Nerves 7-12 of 12 - ✔✔7: facial-taste/ mouth movement/ tears/ saliva
,8: acoustic-hearing/ equilibrium
9: glossophargeal-talking/ gag reflex/ taste/ carotic reflex
10: vegus-talking/ swollowing
11: spinal accessory-shoulder shrug
12: hypoglossal-tongue movement
APGAR - ✔✔Appearance
Pulse Rate
Grimmace
Activity
Resp Effort
Hypoxia 4 Types - ✔✔Hypoxic-not enough O2 to go around=Altitude
Hypemic-not enough RBC's to carry O2=Anemia
Histonic-incapable of using O2=CO2 poisoning
Stagnant-block by body parts=pedal edema, touniquets, heart fail, trapped air in ABD
What Altitude is Night Vision cut in 1/2 - ✔✔5,000-10,000 ft
Heat Loss 4 Ways - ✔✔Radiation: heat rises off skin
Conduction: lose heat in contact with cold
Convection: heat loss by moving air over skin
Evaporation: fluids are absorbed to surrounding object or air
CVP (central venous pressure) measures? - ✔✔Right side of the heart PRELOAD (norm: 2-6)
(to decrease PRELOAD: Lasix, Nitro, Morphine)
, PCWP (pulm cap wedge pressure) measures? - ✔✔Left side of the heart PRELOAD (norm: 6-
12) (to decrease PRELOAD: Lasix, Nitro, Morphine)
PVR (pulm vasc resistance) measures? - ✔✔Right side of the heart AFTERLOAD (norm: 50-
250)
SVR (systemic vasc resistance) measures? - ✔✔Left side of the heart AFTERLOAD (norm: 700-
1500)
Meds to decrease afterload - ✔✔Nipride, Nicardipine, Dilt, Labetolol,Esmolol
Meds to increase afterload - ✔✔NorEpi (Levophed),Vasopressin,Dopamine, Phenylephrine
CO=SV x HR - ✔✔SV (norm 60-130 ml/beat)
HR (norm 60-100 beats/min)
IABP Timing Errors 4 Types - ✔✔Early Inflation-inflates while still in systole (harmful)
Late Inflation-inflates while in diastole (sub optimal)
Early Deflation-deflates while in diastole (not pushing blood)
Late Deflation-deflates while still in systole (very harmful)
IABP Benefits - ✔✔Diastolic augmentation
Reduction of the afterload
Gives the heart a chance to rest
Reduces O2 demand
Increases CO
&Questions with Solutions
Anion Gap - ✔✔8-16, greater than 16=metabolic acidosis
Lactate - ✔✔>2=abnormal
>3=lactic acidosis
>4=significant hypoperfusion
Fibrin Degregation - ✔✔DIC
>40 ug/ml=Critical
PT - ✔✔11-13 seconds (Coumadin)
PTT - ✔✔25-35 seconds (Heparin)
PT/INR - ✔✔0.9-1.2 (Coumadin)
Cranial Nerves 1-6 of 12 - ✔✔1: olfactory-smell
2: optic-vision
3: occulomotor-eye opening/pupil constriction
4: troclear-up/down eye movement
5: trigeminal-chewing/ facial sensation
6: abducens-right/left eye movement
Cranial Nerves 7-12 of 12 - ✔✔7: facial-taste/ mouth movement/ tears/ saliva
,8: acoustic-hearing/ equilibrium
9: glossophargeal-talking/ gag reflex/ taste/ carotic reflex
10: vegus-talking/ swollowing
11: spinal accessory-shoulder shrug
12: hypoglossal-tongue movement
APGAR - ✔✔Appearance
Pulse Rate
Grimmace
Activity
Resp Effort
Hypoxia 4 Types - ✔✔Hypoxic-not enough O2 to go around=Altitude
Hypemic-not enough RBC's to carry O2=Anemia
Histonic-incapable of using O2=CO2 poisoning
Stagnant-block by body parts=pedal edema, touniquets, heart fail, trapped air in ABD
What Altitude is Night Vision cut in 1/2 - ✔✔5,000-10,000 ft
Heat Loss 4 Ways - ✔✔Radiation: heat rises off skin
Conduction: lose heat in contact with cold
Convection: heat loss by moving air over skin
Evaporation: fluids are absorbed to surrounding object or air
CVP (central venous pressure) measures? - ✔✔Right side of the heart PRELOAD (norm: 2-6)
(to decrease PRELOAD: Lasix, Nitro, Morphine)
, PCWP (pulm cap wedge pressure) measures? - ✔✔Left side of the heart PRELOAD (norm: 6-
12) (to decrease PRELOAD: Lasix, Nitro, Morphine)
PVR (pulm vasc resistance) measures? - ✔✔Right side of the heart AFTERLOAD (norm: 50-
250)
SVR (systemic vasc resistance) measures? - ✔✔Left side of the heart AFTERLOAD (norm: 700-
1500)
Meds to decrease afterload - ✔✔Nipride, Nicardipine, Dilt, Labetolol,Esmolol
Meds to increase afterload - ✔✔NorEpi (Levophed),Vasopressin,Dopamine, Phenylephrine
CO=SV x HR - ✔✔SV (norm 60-130 ml/beat)
HR (norm 60-100 beats/min)
IABP Timing Errors 4 Types - ✔✔Early Inflation-inflates while still in systole (harmful)
Late Inflation-inflates while in diastole (sub optimal)
Early Deflation-deflates while in diastole (not pushing blood)
Late Deflation-deflates while still in systole (very harmful)
IABP Benefits - ✔✔Diastolic augmentation
Reduction of the afterload
Gives the heart a chance to rest
Reduces O2 demand
Increases CO
