USMLE Pretest
Physiology 14th Edition
Questions REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS LATEST
VERSION 2024 GRADED A+
(NEW!!)
What part of the arterial/venous system has the largest cross
secional area? - ANS-Capillaries
What part of the arterial/venous system has the smallest cross
sectional area? - ANS-Aorta
What part of the arterial/venous system has the greatest pressure
drop? - ANS-Arterioles
What part of the arterial /venous system has the largest volume of
blood? - ANS-The veins, which has more than the pulmonary
circulation. Both are highly compliant
If you occlude a vessel by 50% by how much does the resistance
go up? - ANS-16 times... Resistance = (viscosity x length)/
Radius^4
,What is Reynold's number? - ANS-Diameter times velocity times
elasticity, all divided by Viscosity! Most important aspect is to
know that If it is greater than 2000 there is turbulent flow and if it
is less than 2000 there is laminar flow.
What is the Total resistance equal to in a pipeline system set up
in SERIES? - ANS-Rt= R1 + R2 + R3....+Rn...The total is always
greater than the individual resistances...Flow is said to be
DEPENDENT
What is the Total resistance equal to in a pipeline system set up
in PARALLEL? - ANS-1/Rt= 1/R1 +1/R2 +1/R3.... The total is
LESS than the value of any one resistance AND flow is said to be
INDEPENDENT.
What is the effect of removing an organ, say the kidney, in a
system of arteries set up in parallel?? - ANS-Removing a resistor
INCREASES resistance! Because 1/Rt= the sum of 1/R1 +1/R2
etc...
What will happen to Resistance, Flow, CO and HR in a system
set up in parallel where a resistor is removed? (Like removing a
kidney...) - ANS-Resistance INCREASES
Flow decreases
CO decreases
HR decreases
Elasticity is inversely proportional to... - ANS-Compliance
What is the main cause of DIASTOLIC blood pressure?? - ANS-
Comes from TPR, the resistance of the vessel itself.
What is true of measured diastolic pressure in a pt with stiff
vessels due to atherosclerosis? - ANS-The diastolic pressure will
be MEASURED lower than it really is....The sound is still heard as
, blood rushes past non-compliant vessels. True diastolic remains
the same.
What is the main determinant of Systolic BP? - ANS-Stroke
Volume
What are two things the MAP is equal to? - ANS-MAP = CO X
TPR
MAP = Diastolic + 1/3 Pulse Pressure
Which vessel has the highest MAP in a standing person?? - ANS-
Will always be the LOWEST ARTERY...as gravity adds 80 mmHg
in a vessel
What nerve carries information from the carotid sinus to the
medulla? - ANS-The glossopharyngeal
What nerve carries information from the aortic arch to the
medulla? - ANS-The Vagus
What are three organs that autoregulate blood flow and What is
the chemical mediator in each organ?? - ANS-Cerebral blood
flow: Mediated by PaCO2
Coronary blood flow: Mediated by NO and Adenosine
EXERCISING muscle flow: Mediated by lactic acid
What will happen to cerebral blood flow based on autoregulation
during exercise? - ANS-NOTHING it will remain the same..
O2 use increases, so CO2 increases, thus Breathing increases
and CO2 is decreased...there is no change.
What are the changes to MAP during exercise?? - ANS-MAP =
CO + TPR....TPR will decrease as lactic acid vasodilates... CO is
measured by HR times SV and HR goes up... SO...MAP remains
the same but Systolic goes up and Diastolic goes down.
Physiology 14th Edition
Questions REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS LATEST
VERSION 2024 GRADED A+
(NEW!!)
What part of the arterial/venous system has the largest cross
secional area? - ANS-Capillaries
What part of the arterial/venous system has the smallest cross
sectional area? - ANS-Aorta
What part of the arterial/venous system has the greatest pressure
drop? - ANS-Arterioles
What part of the arterial /venous system has the largest volume of
blood? - ANS-The veins, which has more than the pulmonary
circulation. Both are highly compliant
If you occlude a vessel by 50% by how much does the resistance
go up? - ANS-16 times... Resistance = (viscosity x length)/
Radius^4
,What is Reynold's number? - ANS-Diameter times velocity times
elasticity, all divided by Viscosity! Most important aspect is to
know that If it is greater than 2000 there is turbulent flow and if it
is less than 2000 there is laminar flow.
What is the Total resistance equal to in a pipeline system set up
in SERIES? - ANS-Rt= R1 + R2 + R3....+Rn...The total is always
greater than the individual resistances...Flow is said to be
DEPENDENT
What is the Total resistance equal to in a pipeline system set up
in PARALLEL? - ANS-1/Rt= 1/R1 +1/R2 +1/R3.... The total is
LESS than the value of any one resistance AND flow is said to be
INDEPENDENT.
What is the effect of removing an organ, say the kidney, in a
system of arteries set up in parallel?? - ANS-Removing a resistor
INCREASES resistance! Because 1/Rt= the sum of 1/R1 +1/R2
etc...
What will happen to Resistance, Flow, CO and HR in a system
set up in parallel where a resistor is removed? (Like removing a
kidney...) - ANS-Resistance INCREASES
Flow decreases
CO decreases
HR decreases
Elasticity is inversely proportional to... - ANS-Compliance
What is the main cause of DIASTOLIC blood pressure?? - ANS-
Comes from TPR, the resistance of the vessel itself.
What is true of measured diastolic pressure in a pt with stiff
vessels due to atherosclerosis? - ANS-The diastolic pressure will
be MEASURED lower than it really is....The sound is still heard as
, blood rushes past non-compliant vessels. True diastolic remains
the same.
What is the main determinant of Systolic BP? - ANS-Stroke
Volume
What are two things the MAP is equal to? - ANS-MAP = CO X
TPR
MAP = Diastolic + 1/3 Pulse Pressure
Which vessel has the highest MAP in a standing person?? - ANS-
Will always be the LOWEST ARTERY...as gravity adds 80 mmHg
in a vessel
What nerve carries information from the carotid sinus to the
medulla? - ANS-The glossopharyngeal
What nerve carries information from the aortic arch to the
medulla? - ANS-The Vagus
What are three organs that autoregulate blood flow and What is
the chemical mediator in each organ?? - ANS-Cerebral blood
flow: Mediated by PaCO2
Coronary blood flow: Mediated by NO and Adenosine
EXERCISING muscle flow: Mediated by lactic acid
What will happen to cerebral blood flow based on autoregulation
during exercise? - ANS-NOTHING it will remain the same..
O2 use increases, so CO2 increases, thus Breathing increases
and CO2 is decreased...there is no change.
What are the changes to MAP during exercise?? - ANS-MAP =
CO + TPR....TPR will decrease as lactic acid vasodilates... CO is
measured by HR times SV and HR goes up... SO...MAP remains
the same but Systolic goes up and Diastolic goes down.
