BIOS 254 Final Exam (Latest )
Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
Which of the following is (are) not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric
secretion?
(a) Peptides
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Distention
(d) Low acidity (Correct Answer) - ✅ (b) Carbohydrates
Which part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?
(a) Cementum
(b) Enamel
(c) Crown
(d) Pulp (Correct Answer) - ✅ (b) Enamel
You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following
enzymes will help to digest the meal?
(a) Amylase
,(b) Cholecystokinin
(c) Gastrin
(d) Trypsin (Correct Answer) - ✅ (a) Amylase
There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs _____.
(a) At the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI
tract for a long period of time
(b) When the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required
(c) Before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
(d) Immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx
of a variety of nutrients (Correct Answer) - ✅ (c) Before food enters the stomach and
is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?
(a) Produce gas
(b) Synthesize vitamins C and D
(c) Absorb bilirubin
(d) Synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins (Correct Answer) - ✅ (d) Synthesize
vitamin K and B-complex vitamins
Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the
process of _____.
(a) Anabolism
(b) Mastication
(c) Fermentation
(d) Catabolism (Correct Answer) - ✅ (d) Catabolism
,The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to _____.
(a) Distribute hormones throughout the body
(b) Return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low
(c) Carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract
(d) Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage (Correct Answer) - ✅
(d) Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage
Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body?
(a) Oral cavity
(b) Esophagus
(c) Salivary glands
(d) Nasal cavity (Correct Answer) - ✅ (a) Oral cavity
The function of goblet cells is to _____.
(a) Produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful
enzymes needed for food digestion
(b) Secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral
(c) Provide protection against invading bacteria and other diseases causing organisms
that enter the digestive tract in food
(d) Absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use (Correct Answer)
- ✅ (a) Produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of
powerful enzymes needed for food digestion
Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.
(a) The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion.
, (b) Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice.
(c) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.
(d) Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH (below a pH of 2). (Correct Answer) -
✅ (c) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.
In which layer of the duodenum wall are the highlighted structures located?
(a) Muscular mucosa
(b) Mucosa
(c) Muscularis externa
(d) Submucosa (Correct Answer) - ✅ (d) Submucosa
Which structure is highlighted?
Questions and Answers (Verified Answers)
Which of the following is (are) not important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric
secretion?
(a) Peptides
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Distention
(d) Low acidity (Correct Answer) - ✅ (b) Carbohydrates
Which part of the tooth bears the force of chewing?
(a) Cementum
(b) Enamel
(c) Crown
(d) Pulp (Correct Answer) - ✅ (b) Enamel
You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following
enzymes will help to digest the meal?
(a) Amylase
,(b) Cholecystokinin
(c) Gastrin
(d) Trypsin (Correct Answer) - ✅ (a) Amylase
There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs _____.
(a) At the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI
tract for a long period of time
(b) When the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required
(c) Before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
(d) Immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx
of a variety of nutrients (Correct Answer) - ✅ (c) Before food enters the stomach and
is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria?
(a) Produce gas
(b) Synthesize vitamins C and D
(c) Absorb bilirubin
(d) Synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins (Correct Answer) - ✅ (d) Synthesize
vitamin K and B-complex vitamins
Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the
process of _____.
(a) Anabolism
(b) Mastication
(c) Fermentation
(d) Catabolism (Correct Answer) - ✅ (d) Catabolism
,The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to _____.
(a) Distribute hormones throughout the body
(b) Return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low
(c) Carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract
(d) Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage (Correct Answer) - ✅
(d) Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage
Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body?
(a) Oral cavity
(b) Esophagus
(c) Salivary glands
(d) Nasal cavity (Correct Answer) - ✅ (a) Oral cavity
The function of goblet cells is to _____.
(a) Produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful
enzymes needed for food digestion
(b) Secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral
(c) Provide protection against invading bacteria and other diseases causing organisms
that enter the digestive tract in food
(d) Absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use (Correct Answer)
- ✅ (a) Produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of
powerful enzymes needed for food digestion
Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.
(a) The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion.
, (b) Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice.
(c) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.
(d) Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH (below a pH of 2). (Correct Answer) -
✅ (c) Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.
In which layer of the duodenum wall are the highlighted structures located?
(a) Muscular mucosa
(b) Mucosa
(c) Muscularis externa
(d) Submucosa (Correct Answer) - ✅ (d) Submucosa
Which structure is highlighted?
