Summary Human Anatomy - Anatomy and Physiology

This document is handwritten and titled "Anatomy of the GIT" (Gastrointestinal Tract). It is structured in a neat outline format with highlighted sections, mainly discussing the digestive system and its functions. Here's a detailed description: Main Title: "1.5.2 Anatomy of the GIT" is written in bold red and pink. Key Sections: 1. Alimentary Canal / GIT: Definition: Describes the alimentary canal as a continuous tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. Functions: Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream. Components: Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine 2. Accessory Digestive Organs: Components: Teeth & Oral Cavity Tongue Gallbladder Digestive Glands (liver, pancreas, and salivary glands) 3. Processes of the Digestive System: 1. Ingestion: Taking in food into the mouth. Mechanical digestion: Chewing (breaking down food). Chemical digestion: Saliva starts the breakdown of food. 2. Propulsion: Swallowing: Voluntary movement of food. Peristalsis: Involuntary wave-like contractions that move food from the esophagus to the stomach and intestines. 3. Mechanical Breakdown: Chewing and mixing food with saliva. In the stomach: Food mixes with gastric juices, creating a semi-liquid mixture called chyme. In the small intestine: Segmentation (localized contractions) aids in mixing food with digestive enzymes. 4. Chemical Digestion: Enzymatic breakdown of macronutrients: Carbohydrates: Broken down by amylase into simpler sugars. Proteins: Broken down into amino acids by pepsin (stomach) and proteases (pancreas & small intestine). Fats: Broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by bile (from the liver) and lipase (from the pancreas). 5. Absorption: The process by which digested food passes into the blood and lymph through the walls of the intestines. 6. Defecation: The elimination of indigestible substances from the body via the anus in the form of feces. Key Terms Highlighted: Ingestion Peristalsis Segmentation Chyme Amylase Lipase Bile Pepsin The document is well-organized with clear sections separated by headings and subheadings. The handwriting is legible, and various important terms are highlighted in dark pink and light pink to emphasize their importance.