EEB 2245 Midterm Exam
Latest Update
what is adaptation? what does it explain? - Answer evolution by natural selection
explains fit between organism and environment
what is evolution? - Answer change in the genetic composition of a population over time
what does population genetics study? - Answer study of factors that determine the
genetic composition of the population and how they ac
4 assumptions of H-W equilibrium - Answer 1) mating is random
2) no input of new genetic material
3) chance events do not play a role
4) no differences between genotypes in survival or fecundity
2 violations of H-W equilibrium with "input of new genetic material" - Answer mutations
and migration
what is assumed in "no chance events?" - Answer population size is infinite (or very
large)
what 2 things would violate "no difference between genotypes in survival or fecundity?"
- Answer natural selection or sexual selection
violations of H-W equilibrium: what are 4 examples of non-random mating? - Answer
inbreeding, assortative mating, disassortative mating, mating based off of geographical
structures
is there a change in heterozygotes in inbreeding? homozygotes? allele frequency? -
Answer decrease in heterozygotes
increase in homozygotes
NO change in allele frequency
what increases in assortative mating? - Answer homozygotes
what increases in disassortative mating? - Answer heterozygotes
what happens to the allele frequency from generations to generation in genetic drift?
, what are the 2 possible results of genetic drift? what is the effect in the same
population? different populations? - Answer there is a change in allele frequency from
gen to gen
there is either fixation or loss of an allele
same population: more similar
different population: more divergent
what is the wahlund affect? what is the result? - Answer when individuals are more likely
to mate with geographic neighbors
results in 2 populations being much different from each other
what are the 2 affects of population size? - Answer larger the population-->larger the
fluctuations in a graph and longer it takes to fixate or to lose an allele
what 2 things does migration involve? what does it not involve? - Answer involves
movement of alleles (reproduction) aka gene flow and movement into a population
does not involve movement out of the population
how is the migration rate measured (equation)? - Answer migration = # of immigrants /
total # of individuals
in migration, when is there a bell curve? - Answer when 2 (total # of individuals)
(migration rate) > 1
is genetic drift strong or weak in large populations and what does this mean for
migration rates? small? - Answer large: weak and low migration rate
small: strong and high migration rate
what is a population bottleneck? what size population does this usually happen to? -
Answer when all genetic diversity is eliminated due to genetic drift
happens in small populations
what does the theory by stickleback and palms make an association between? what is
inferred? - Answer association between change in phenotype and change in
environment
natural selection is inferred: individuals with a particular trait survive and/or reproduce
at a higher rate in a new environment
according to stickleback, what causes the non-random selection? palms? - Answer
stickleback: change/loss of predators or other energetic considerations
palms: change in seed dispersal
Latest Update
what is adaptation? what does it explain? - Answer evolution by natural selection
explains fit between organism and environment
what is evolution? - Answer change in the genetic composition of a population over time
what does population genetics study? - Answer study of factors that determine the
genetic composition of the population and how they ac
4 assumptions of H-W equilibrium - Answer 1) mating is random
2) no input of new genetic material
3) chance events do not play a role
4) no differences between genotypes in survival or fecundity
2 violations of H-W equilibrium with "input of new genetic material" - Answer mutations
and migration
what is assumed in "no chance events?" - Answer population size is infinite (or very
large)
what 2 things would violate "no difference between genotypes in survival or fecundity?"
- Answer natural selection or sexual selection
violations of H-W equilibrium: what are 4 examples of non-random mating? - Answer
inbreeding, assortative mating, disassortative mating, mating based off of geographical
structures
is there a change in heterozygotes in inbreeding? homozygotes? allele frequency? -
Answer decrease in heterozygotes
increase in homozygotes
NO change in allele frequency
what increases in assortative mating? - Answer homozygotes
what increases in disassortative mating? - Answer heterozygotes
what happens to the allele frequency from generations to generation in genetic drift?
, what are the 2 possible results of genetic drift? what is the effect in the same
population? different populations? - Answer there is a change in allele frequency from
gen to gen
there is either fixation or loss of an allele
same population: more similar
different population: more divergent
what is the wahlund affect? what is the result? - Answer when individuals are more likely
to mate with geographic neighbors
results in 2 populations being much different from each other
what are the 2 affects of population size? - Answer larger the population-->larger the
fluctuations in a graph and longer it takes to fixate or to lose an allele
what 2 things does migration involve? what does it not involve? - Answer involves
movement of alleles (reproduction) aka gene flow and movement into a population
does not involve movement out of the population
how is the migration rate measured (equation)? - Answer migration = # of immigrants /
total # of individuals
in migration, when is there a bell curve? - Answer when 2 (total # of individuals)
(migration rate) > 1
is genetic drift strong or weak in large populations and what does this mean for
migration rates? small? - Answer large: weak and low migration rate
small: strong and high migration rate
what is a population bottleneck? what size population does this usually happen to? -
Answer when all genetic diversity is eliminated due to genetic drift
happens in small populations
what does the theory by stickleback and palms make an association between? what is
inferred? - Answer association between change in phenotype and change in
environment
natural selection is inferred: individuals with a particular trait survive and/or reproduce
at a higher rate in a new environment
according to stickleback, what causes the non-random selection? palms? - Answer
stickleback: change/loss of predators or other energetic considerations
palms: change in seed dispersal
