TEST BANK FOR PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: AN ILLUSTRATED
HANDBOOK, 3RD EDITION BY DUDERSTADT, 9780323476508,
COVERING CHAPTERS 1-20 | INCLUDES RATIONALES
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Neurological System.................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2. Physical Assessment Parameters .............................................................................................. 29
Chapter 3. Developmental Surveillance And Screening ............................................................................. 40
Chapter 4. Comprehensive Health Gathering ............................................................................................. 49
Chapter 5. Environmental Health History ................................................................................................... 56
Chapter 6 Newborn Assessment................................................................................................................. 62
Chapter 7. Skin ............................................................................................................................................ 78
Chapter 8. Heart And Vascular System ....................................................................................................... 88
Chapter 9. Chest And Respiratory System ................................................................................................ 103
Chapter 10. Head And Neck ...................................................................................................................... 122
Chapter 11. Lymphatic System ................................................................................................................. 129
Chapter 12. Eyes ....................................................................................................................................... 138
Chapter 13. Ears ........................................................................................................................................ 150
Chapter 14. Nose, Mouth, And Throat ..................................................................................................... 154
Chapter 15. Abdomen And Rectum .......................................................................................................... 157
Chapter 16. Male Genitalia ....................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 17. Male And Female Breast ....................................................................................................... 179
Chapter 18. Female Genitalia ................................................................................................................... 192
Chapter 19. Musculoskeletal System ........................................................................................................ 197
Chapter 20: Approach To Care And Assessment Of Children And Adolescents ....................................... 213
,Chapter 1. Neurological System
1. A NURSE Is Explaining To Parents How The Central Nervous System Of A Child Differs From That
Of An Adult. Which Statement Accurately Describes These Differences?
A. The Infant Has 150 Milliliters Of Cerebrospinal Fluid Compared With 50 Milliliters In The Adult.
B. Papilledema Is A Common Manifestation Of Increased Intracranial Pressure In The Very Young
Child.
C. The Brain Of A Term Infant Weighs Less Than Half Of The Weight Of The Adult Brain.
D. Coordination And Fine Motor Skills Develop As Myelinization Of Peripheral Nerves Progresses.
ANSWER>>D
Peripheral Nerves Are Not Completely Myelinated At Birth. As Myelinization Progresses, So Does The
Childs Coordination And Fine Muscle Movements. An Infant Has About 50 Milliliters Of Cerebrospinal
Fluid Compared With 150 Milliliters In An Adult. Papilledema Rarely Occurs In Infancy Because Open
Fontanels And Sutures Can Expand In The Presence Of Increased Intracranial Pressure. The Brain Of The
Term Infant Is Two-Thirds The Weight Of An Adults Brain.
2. A NURSE Is Assessing A 1-Year-Old Child For Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP). Which Sign
Should The NURSE Assess For With This Age Of Child?
A. Headache
B. Bulging Fontanel
,C. Tachypnea
D. Increase In Head Circumference
ANSWER>>A
Headaches Are A Clinical Manifestation Of Increased ICP In Children. A Change In The Childs Normal
Behavior Pattern May Be An Important Early Sign Of Increased ICP. A Bulging Fontanel Is A
Manifestation Of Increased ICP In Infants. A 10-Year-Old Child Would Have A Closed Fontanel. A Change
In Respiratory Pattern Is A Late Sign Of Increased ICP. Cheyne-Stokes Respiration May Be Evident. This
Refers To A Pattern Of Increasing Rate And Depth Of Respirations Followed By A Decreasing Rate And
Depth With A Pause Of Variable Length. By 10 Years Of Age, Cranial Sutures Have Fused So That Head
Circumference Will Not Increase In The Presence Of Increased ICP.
3. The NURSE Should Give A Child Who Is To Have Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Of The Brain
Which Information?
A. Your Head Will Be Restrained.
B. You Will Have To Drink A Special Fluid Before The Test.
,C. You Will Have To Lie Flat After The Test Is Finished.
D. You Will Have Electrodes Placed On Your Head With Glue.
ANSWER>>A
To Reduce Fear And Enhance Cooperation During The MRI, The Child Should Be Made Aware That His
Head Will Be Restricted To Obtain Accurate Information. Drinking Fluids Is Usually Done For
Gastrointestinal Procedures. A Child Would Lie Flat After A Lumbar Puncture, Not During An MRI.
Electrodes Are Attached To The Head For An Electroencephalogram.
4. A Child With Spina Bifida Is Being Admitted To The Hospital For A Shunt Revision? The NURSE
Admitting The Child Anticipates Which Type Of Precautions To Be Ordered For The Child?
A. Latex
B. Bleeding
C. Seizure
,D. Isolation
ANSWER>>A
Children With Spina Bifida Are At High Risk For Developing Latex Allergies Because Of Frequent Exposure
To Latex During Catheterizations, Shunt Placements, And Other Operations. The Child With Spina Bifida
Does Not Have A Risk For Bleeding. Not All Children With Spina Bifida Are At Risk For Seizures And
Isolation Would Not Be Indicated In A Child Being Admitted For A Shunt Revision.
5. Nursing Care Of The Infant Who Has Had A Myelomeningocele Repair Should Include Which
Intervention?
A. Securely Fastening The Diaper
B. Measurement Of Pupil Size
C. Measurement Of Head Circumference
D. Administration Of Seizure Medications
, ANSWER>>C
Head Circumference Measurement Is Essential Because Hydrocephalus Can Develop In These Infants. A
Diaper Should Be Placed Under The Infant But Not Fastened. Keeping The Diaper Open Facilitates
Frequent Cleaning And Decreases The Risk For Skin Breakdown. Pupil Size Measurement Is Usually Not
Necessary. Head Circumference Measurement Is Essential Because Hydrocephalus Can Develop In These
Infants.
6. When A 2-Week-Old Infant Is Seen For Irritability, Poor Appetite, And Rapid Head Growth With
An Observable Distended Scalp Vein, The NURSE Recognizes These Signs As Indicative Of Which
Condition?
A. Hydrocephalus
B. SIADH (Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)
C. Cerebral Palsy
D. Reyes Syndrome
HANDBOOK, 3RD EDITION BY DUDERSTADT, 9780323476508,
COVERING CHAPTERS 1-20 | INCLUDES RATIONALES
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Neurological System.................................................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2. Physical Assessment Parameters .............................................................................................. 29
Chapter 3. Developmental Surveillance And Screening ............................................................................. 40
Chapter 4. Comprehensive Health Gathering ............................................................................................. 49
Chapter 5. Environmental Health History ................................................................................................... 56
Chapter 6 Newborn Assessment................................................................................................................. 62
Chapter 7. Skin ............................................................................................................................................ 78
Chapter 8. Heart And Vascular System ....................................................................................................... 88
Chapter 9. Chest And Respiratory System ................................................................................................ 103
Chapter 10. Head And Neck ...................................................................................................................... 122
Chapter 11. Lymphatic System ................................................................................................................. 129
Chapter 12. Eyes ....................................................................................................................................... 138
Chapter 13. Ears ........................................................................................................................................ 150
Chapter 14. Nose, Mouth, And Throat ..................................................................................................... 154
Chapter 15. Abdomen And Rectum .......................................................................................................... 157
Chapter 16. Male Genitalia ....................................................................................................................... 177
Chapter 17. Male And Female Breast ....................................................................................................... 179
Chapter 18. Female Genitalia ................................................................................................................... 192
Chapter 19. Musculoskeletal System ........................................................................................................ 197
Chapter 20: Approach To Care And Assessment Of Children And Adolescents ....................................... 213
,Chapter 1. Neurological System
1. A NURSE Is Explaining To Parents How The Central Nervous System Of A Child Differs From That
Of An Adult. Which Statement Accurately Describes These Differences?
A. The Infant Has 150 Milliliters Of Cerebrospinal Fluid Compared With 50 Milliliters In The Adult.
B. Papilledema Is A Common Manifestation Of Increased Intracranial Pressure In The Very Young
Child.
C. The Brain Of A Term Infant Weighs Less Than Half Of The Weight Of The Adult Brain.
D. Coordination And Fine Motor Skills Develop As Myelinization Of Peripheral Nerves Progresses.
ANSWER>>D
Peripheral Nerves Are Not Completely Myelinated At Birth. As Myelinization Progresses, So Does The
Childs Coordination And Fine Muscle Movements. An Infant Has About 50 Milliliters Of Cerebrospinal
Fluid Compared With 150 Milliliters In An Adult. Papilledema Rarely Occurs In Infancy Because Open
Fontanels And Sutures Can Expand In The Presence Of Increased Intracranial Pressure. The Brain Of The
Term Infant Is Two-Thirds The Weight Of An Adults Brain.
2. A NURSE Is Assessing A 1-Year-Old Child For Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP). Which Sign
Should The NURSE Assess For With This Age Of Child?
A. Headache
B. Bulging Fontanel
,C. Tachypnea
D. Increase In Head Circumference
ANSWER>>A
Headaches Are A Clinical Manifestation Of Increased ICP In Children. A Change In The Childs Normal
Behavior Pattern May Be An Important Early Sign Of Increased ICP. A Bulging Fontanel Is A
Manifestation Of Increased ICP In Infants. A 10-Year-Old Child Would Have A Closed Fontanel. A Change
In Respiratory Pattern Is A Late Sign Of Increased ICP. Cheyne-Stokes Respiration May Be Evident. This
Refers To A Pattern Of Increasing Rate And Depth Of Respirations Followed By A Decreasing Rate And
Depth With A Pause Of Variable Length. By 10 Years Of Age, Cranial Sutures Have Fused So That Head
Circumference Will Not Increase In The Presence Of Increased ICP.
3. The NURSE Should Give A Child Who Is To Have Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Of The Brain
Which Information?
A. Your Head Will Be Restrained.
B. You Will Have To Drink A Special Fluid Before The Test.
,C. You Will Have To Lie Flat After The Test Is Finished.
D. You Will Have Electrodes Placed On Your Head With Glue.
ANSWER>>A
To Reduce Fear And Enhance Cooperation During The MRI, The Child Should Be Made Aware That His
Head Will Be Restricted To Obtain Accurate Information. Drinking Fluids Is Usually Done For
Gastrointestinal Procedures. A Child Would Lie Flat After A Lumbar Puncture, Not During An MRI.
Electrodes Are Attached To The Head For An Electroencephalogram.
4. A Child With Spina Bifida Is Being Admitted To The Hospital For A Shunt Revision? The NURSE
Admitting The Child Anticipates Which Type Of Precautions To Be Ordered For The Child?
A. Latex
B. Bleeding
C. Seizure
,D. Isolation
ANSWER>>A
Children With Spina Bifida Are At High Risk For Developing Latex Allergies Because Of Frequent Exposure
To Latex During Catheterizations, Shunt Placements, And Other Operations. The Child With Spina Bifida
Does Not Have A Risk For Bleeding. Not All Children With Spina Bifida Are At Risk For Seizures And
Isolation Would Not Be Indicated In A Child Being Admitted For A Shunt Revision.
5. Nursing Care Of The Infant Who Has Had A Myelomeningocele Repair Should Include Which
Intervention?
A. Securely Fastening The Diaper
B. Measurement Of Pupil Size
C. Measurement Of Head Circumference
D. Administration Of Seizure Medications
, ANSWER>>C
Head Circumference Measurement Is Essential Because Hydrocephalus Can Develop In These Infants. A
Diaper Should Be Placed Under The Infant But Not Fastened. Keeping The Diaper Open Facilitates
Frequent Cleaning And Decreases The Risk For Skin Breakdown. Pupil Size Measurement Is Usually Not
Necessary. Head Circumference Measurement Is Essential Because Hydrocephalus Can Develop In These
Infants.
6. When A 2-Week-Old Infant Is Seen For Irritability, Poor Appetite, And Rapid Head Growth With
An Observable Distended Scalp Vein, The NURSE Recognizes These Signs As Indicative Of Which
Condition?
A. Hydrocephalus
B. SIADH (Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)
C. Cerebral Palsy
D. Reyes Syndrome
