©SOPHIABENNETT
EXAM_SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED SUCCESS 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR
©SOPHIABENNETT 9/3/24 2024/2025
, ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM
AP Biology Unit 1, AP Biology Unit 2
Study Guide with Complete Solutions
Matter - Answer✔️✔️-Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Element - Answer✔️✔️-Substance that cannot be broken down to other substances
through chemical reactions. Each has a symbol. 92 occurring in nature.
Compound - Answer✔️✔️-Substance consisting of two or more different elements
combined in a fixed ratio.
*Characteristics different than those of its elements
CHON - Answer✔️✔️-4 elements essential to life
Trace Elements - Answer✔️✔️-Required by an organism only in minute quantities.
Atom - Answer✔️✔️-Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Composed of subatomic particles. Mostly empty space.
Subatomic particles - Answer✔️✔️-Neutrons, protons, electrons. Make up atoms.
Proton - Answer✔️✔️-One unit of positive charge. Approximately one dalton. Located in
nucleus.
Electron - Answer✔️✔️-One unit of negative charge. Located outside of nucleus.
Atomic Nucleus - Answer✔️✔️-Dense core packed with protons and neutrons.
Neutrons - Answer✔️✔️-Electrically neutral. Approximately one dalton.
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, ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM
Atomic Number - Answer✔️✔️-The number of protons (which is unique to that element)
and written as a subscript to left of element symbol. Also tells us number of electrons
since P=E if atom is neutral
Mass Number - Answer✔️✔️-Sum of the protons and the neutrons. An approximation of
the atomic mass.
Isotopes - Answer✔️✔️-Same number of protons, but different number of neutrons and
therefore different mass. Same element.
Radioactive Isotope - Answer✔️✔️-One in which the nucleus decays spontaneously,
giving off particles and energy. Can decay to a different element. Have useful
applications.
Energy - Answer✔️✔️-Capacity to cause change
Potential Energy - Answer✔️✔️-Energy matter possesses because of its location or
structure. Electrons have this based on distance from nucleus.
Electron Shells - Answer✔️✔️-Where electrons are found, each with characteristic
average distance and energy level. Electrons can change these by absorbing or losing
energy.
Valence Electrons - Answer✔️✔️-Electrons in the outermost shell.
Chemical Bonds - Answer✔️✔️-The attraction that holds atoms together during an
interaction.
Covalent Bond - Answer✔️✔️-Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.
Molecule - Answer✔️✔️-Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Single Bond - Answer✔️✔️-One pair of shared electrons.
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EXAM_SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED SUCCESS 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR
©SOPHIABENNETT 9/3/24 2024/2025
, ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM
AP Biology Unit 1, AP Biology Unit 2
Study Guide with Complete Solutions
Matter - Answer✔️✔️-Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Element - Answer✔️✔️-Substance that cannot be broken down to other substances
through chemical reactions. Each has a symbol. 92 occurring in nature.
Compound - Answer✔️✔️-Substance consisting of two or more different elements
combined in a fixed ratio.
*Characteristics different than those of its elements
CHON - Answer✔️✔️-4 elements essential to life
Trace Elements - Answer✔️✔️-Required by an organism only in minute quantities.
Atom - Answer✔️✔️-Smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
Composed of subatomic particles. Mostly empty space.
Subatomic particles - Answer✔️✔️-Neutrons, protons, electrons. Make up atoms.
Proton - Answer✔️✔️-One unit of positive charge. Approximately one dalton. Located in
nucleus.
Electron - Answer✔️✔️-One unit of negative charge. Located outside of nucleus.
Atomic Nucleus - Answer✔️✔️-Dense core packed with protons and neutrons.
Neutrons - Answer✔️✔️-Electrically neutral. Approximately one dalton.
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, ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM
Atomic Number - Answer✔️✔️-The number of protons (which is unique to that element)
and written as a subscript to left of element symbol. Also tells us number of electrons
since P=E if atom is neutral
Mass Number - Answer✔️✔️-Sum of the protons and the neutrons. An approximation of
the atomic mass.
Isotopes - Answer✔️✔️-Same number of protons, but different number of neutrons and
therefore different mass. Same element.
Radioactive Isotope - Answer✔️✔️-One in which the nucleus decays spontaneously,
giving off particles and energy. Can decay to a different element. Have useful
applications.
Energy - Answer✔️✔️-Capacity to cause change
Potential Energy - Answer✔️✔️-Energy matter possesses because of its location or
structure. Electrons have this based on distance from nucleus.
Electron Shells - Answer✔️✔️-Where electrons are found, each with characteristic
average distance and energy level. Electrons can change these by absorbing or losing
energy.
Valence Electrons - Answer✔️✔️-Electrons in the outermost shell.
Chemical Bonds - Answer✔️✔️-The attraction that holds atoms together during an
interaction.
Covalent Bond - Answer✔️✔️-Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.
Molecule - Answer✔️✔️-Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Single Bond - Answer✔️✔️-One pair of shared electrons.
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