AP Biology Chapter 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

AP Biology Chapter 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions A feature of organic compounds NOT found in inorganic compounds is the presence of - Answer️️ -carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other A student analyzed a viral genome and found that the genome had the following nucleotide composition. • 28% adenine • 20% thymine • 35% cytosine • 17% guanine Which of the following best describes the structure of the viral genome? - Answer️️ - single-stranded DNA The CFTR protein is made up of 1,480 amino acids linked together in a chain. Some humans produce a version of the CFTR protein in which phenylalanine (an amino acid) has been deleted from position 508 of the amino acid chain. ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM Page | 2 Which of the following best predicts how the amino acid deletion will affect the structure of the CFTR protein? - Answer️️ -It will affect the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the CFTR protein. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. In an experiment, bacteriophages were labeled with either radioactive phosphorus or radioactive sulfur. The labeled bacteriophages were incubated with bacteria for a brief amount of time and then removed. The infected bacteria cells were found to contain significant amounts of radioactive phosphorus but not radioactive sulfur. Based on the results of the experiment, which of the following types of molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells? - Answer️️ -DNA The carbohydrates glucose, galactose, and fructose have the same chemical formula (C6H12O6) but different structural formulas, which of the following statements about glucose, galactose, and fructose is most likely true? - Answer️️ -The carbohydrates have different properties because they have different arrangements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Which of the following statements best describes how organisms such as rabbits obtain the carbon necessary for building biological molecules? - Answer️️ -Rabbits eat plants and break down plant molecules to obtain carbon and other atoms that they rearrange into new carbon-containing molecules. Which of the following best describes the effect of a greater number of cysteine amino acids on the stability of the proteins? - Answer️️ -The change leads to increased ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM Page | 3 protein stability because of an increased number of S-S bonds in the tertiary structure of the proteins. Which of the following characteristics of Figure 1 best shows that the fragment is RNA and not DNA? - Answer️️ -the identity of the nitrogenous base Which of the following best describes a structural difference between DNA and RNA? - Answer️️ -The backbone of DNA contains deoxyribose, whereas the backbone of RNA contains ribose. which molecule is likely to be solid at room temperature? - Answer️️ -Palmitic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the molecules to pack closely together. Which statement best helps explain the formation of the hydrogen bond represented in the figure? - Answer️️ -The hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial negative charge, and the nitrogen also has a partial negative charge. Which of the following statements best describes how molecules released by the fish become nutrients for the plants? - Answer️️ -The ammonia molecules released by the fish are converted by the bacteria to nitrates, which are used by the plants to make proteins and nucleic acids. Structure of Carbohydrates - Answer️️ -They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures. which of the following best describes how the properties of water at an air-water interface enable an insect to walk on the water's surface? - Answer️️ -Hydrogen bonds ©SOPHIABENNETT EXAM SOLUTIONS_2024/2025 Tuesday, September 3, 2024 10:30 AM Page | 4 between molecules at the surface of the water provide surface tension, which allows the water surface to deform but not break under the insect. The synthesis of a protein or carbohydrate polymers always produces which of the following as a byproduct? - Answer️️ -Water Which of the following best describes how amino acids affect the tertiary structure of a protein? - Answer️️ -The interactions of the different R -groups with other R -groups and with their environment determine the tertiary structure of the protein. what group carries genetic code? - Answer️️ -nucleic acids Which of the following is most directly responsible for water's unique properties? - Answer️️ -It forms hydrogen bonds. Which of the following is responsible for the cohesive property of water? - Answer️️ - Hydrogen bonds between the oxygen atom of one wat