AMSCO AP US History Chapter 12 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

AMSCO AP US History Chapter 12 Study Guide with Complete Solutions manifest destiny - Answer️️ -The belief that the United States had a divine mission to extend its power and civilization across the breadth of North America. (p. 230) industrial technology - Answer️️ -After 1840, industrialization spread rapidly throughout most of the Northeast. New factories produced shoes, sewing machines, ready-to-wear clothing, firearms, precision tools, and iron products for railroads and other new products. (p. 238) Elias Howe - Answer️️ -The U.S. inventor of the sewing machine, which moved much of clothing production from homes to factories. (p. 238) Samuel F. B. Morse - Answer️️ -In 1844, he invented the electric telegraph which allowed communication over longer distances. (p. 238) railroads - Answer️️ -In the 1840s and the 1850s, this industry expanded very quickly and would become America's largest industry. It required immense amounts of capital and labor and gave rise to complex business organizations. Local and state governments gave the industry tax breaks and special loans to finance growth. (p. 238) Panic of 1857 - Answer️️ -Financial crash which sharply lowered Midwest farmers prices and caused unemployment in the Northern cities. The South was not affected as much because cotton prices remained high. (p. 239) ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 2 Great American Desert - Answer️️ -In the 1850s and 1860s, the arid area between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Coast, was known by this name. (p. 236) mountain men - Answer️️ -The first non-native people to open the Far West. These fur trappers and explorers included James Beckwourth, Jim Bridger, Kit Carson, and Jedediah Smith. (p. 237) Far West - Answer️️ -In the 1820s, the Rocky Mountains were known by this name. (p. 237) overland trails - Answer️️ -The wagon train trails that led from Missouri or Iowa to the west coast. They traveled only 15 miles per day and followed the river valleys through the Great Plains. Months later, the wagon trains would finally reach the foothills of the Rockies or face the hardships of the southwestern deserts. The final challenge was to reach the mountain passes before the first heavy snows. Disease was even a greater threat than Indian attack. (p. 237) mining frontier - Answer️️ -The discovery of gold in California in 1848 caused the first flood of newcomers to the West. A series of gold strikes and silver strikes in what became the states of Colorado, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Arizona, and South Dakota kept a steady flow of hopeful young prospectors pushing into the West. (p. 237) gold rush - Answer️️ -California's population soared from 14,000 in 1848 to 380,000 in 1860, primarily because of this event. (p. 237) silver rush - Answer️️ -The discovery of silver in Colorado,