APUSH AMSCO Main points of Unit 6 (6.3 and 6.4) Exam Study Guide

APUSH AMSCO Main points of Unit 6 (6.3 and 6.4) Exam Study Guide Learning Objective (6.3) - Answer️️ --Explain the causes and effects of the settlement of the West from 1877 to 1898 Turner's Frontier Thesis - Answer️️ -Argument by historian Fredrick Jackson Turner says that argued the American character was shaped by the existence of the frontier and the way Americans interacted and developed the frontier, he felt that the frontier encouraged individualism and democracy. He believed that the settling of the frontier was a form of evolution of building a civilization. This was a generation of wave after wave of people who were colonizing the frontier. Turner feared that without the promise of the frontier that America would follow the patterns of class division and social conflict that was in Europe. However, most of US migration at this time wasn't people going to the west but people migrating to the city from rural communities American Indians on the frontier - Answer️️ -About two thirds of tribal groups lived in the Great plains. Nomadic tribes like the Sioux had given up farming in the 1700s with the introduction of horses that helped them with farming. After the Reservation policy of moving eastern Natives to the West were based on the belief that lands west of the Mississippi river would be "Indian territory". Despite the building of the transcontinental railroads, most plain tribes refused to restrict their movements to the reservation and continued to follow the migrating buffalo where they roamed. ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 2 Indian Wars - Answer️️ -Multiple conflicts between American settlers or the United States government and the native peoples of North America from the time of earliest colonial settlement until 1890. The US Army were responsible for numerous massacres. In 1866, the tables were turn when a Sioux fighters wiped out an army of US soldiers under William Fetterman. On top of this conflict gold miners refused to stay off of Native land if gold were found on them Continuing conflicts with the Natives - Answer️️ -The Indian Appropriation Act of 1871 ended recognition of native tribes as independent nations by the federal government and ended negotiation of treaties to be approved by Congress. Before the Sioux were defeated, they ambushed and destroyed Colonel George Custer's command in Little Big Horn in 1876. Chief Joesph's efforts to defeat the US ended in defeat in 1877. The US government continued to force the Natives to comply, even after violating treaties. At the same time, the natives were doomed due to the slaughter of the buffalo and the loss of their way of life. Ghost Dance movement and Wounded Knee - Answer️️ -A battle between the U.S. Army and the Dakota Sioux, in which several hundred Native Americans and 29 U.S. soldiers died. Tensions erupted violently over two major issues: the Sioux practice of the "Ghost Dance," which was a movement in which the Sioux tried to fight back against Americans in their region which the U.S. government had outlawed, and the dispute over whether Sioux reservation land would be broken up because of the Dawes Act. Dawes Severalty Act - Answer️️ -1887, dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres, tried to make rugged individualists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Indian population into that of the American. Indians ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 3 who stayed in the area for 25 years would gain independence if they "assimilated". The Government distributed 47 million acres to Natives but 90 million acres of former reservation land (the good land) went to White settlers. Assimilationists - Answer️️ -Wanted to eradicate tribal life and assimilate Native Americans into white culture through education, land policy, and federal law. Some people opened boarding schools to American Indian children and taught them the "right" way to live (follow what the white people were doing) The Conservation Movement - Answer️️ -A political and social movement that seeks to protect natural resources including plant and animal species as well as their habitat for the future. The early conservation movement included fisheries and wildlife management, water, soil conservation, and sustainable forestry. The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 and the Forest Management Act of 1897 withdrew federal timberlands from development and regulated their use. While most conservationis