P block elements

,I non-metall and metalloids only occur in p-block elements




.
2
Compounds blu 2 non-metal is covalent




.
3
Non-metal oxide -
acidic or neutral

metal oxide -
basic



.
4 First element of p-block group differs by size and inavailability of d-orbital .




.
5
larger metal forms di-dit or di-Pi bond
,
the d-orbitals are
higher
energy than p-orbital so
they contribute less to overall Stability


6 .
Boron
family :




· Boron is a
typical non-metal

·
Boron is a rave metal ,
occurs as


Orthoboric acid-HyBoz
Kernite NaBy 4120
·
-




Borax-NarBnO. 10120



indian borax in puga Valley /ladakh) and Sambhar lake
·

occurs


(Rajasthan) .




· Boron is 0 0001 %
.


by mass of earth cust

·

two isotopic form "B( and "B(81)
· Al-most abundant metal
E

3rd most abundan element 18 .

3% by mass)
&
it
Oxygen (h it and Silicon (2) .


11)
~
Al occurs as Bauxite Azoz 210 ·
and ayolite NayAlFo
·
In India Al is found as mica

·
Ga , In ,Te are less abundant in nature

, ·
Nihomium (Nh) is prepared arrificially and stabe isotope

half life is 20 seconds




i) electronic configuration :




B , Al-Noble core
gas
Ga , In-noble bre 10-delection
gas
+



F 14-f
noblegas cove + 10-delectron + electron
-




ii) Atomic radius :
-due to Poor screening
BLATTGaIn < Th

&argeleve
iii) Ionisation
enthalpy :




B > AlGas -
InTh




AH ,<
AH2CALy

iv) Electro negativity :




B > D'LGaLInT

7
Physical properties :



·
Boron is non-metallic in nature

·
Bis hard & plowed solid
black

· B exists in many alloropic form