ENDOCRINOLOGY CONDITIONS - KCL MBBS STAGE 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024

ENDOCRINOLOGY CONDITIONS - KCL
MBBS STAGE 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
DescribeJtheJHypothalamus-Pituitary-ThyroidJ(HPT)JAxisJ-JANSWERJHypothalamusJ->JTRHJ-
>JportalJveinsJ(soJnotJinJgeneralJcirculation)J->JAnteriorJpituitaryJ->JTSHJ->JbloodstreamJ->JThyroidJ-
>JT4,JT3J(T4JproducedJmore,JbutJperipherallyJconvertedJtoJT3)J-
>JT4,JT3JnegativeJfeedbackJloopJwithJhypothalamusJandJanteriorJpituitary



WhatJdoJweJmeasureJinJaJTFTJ(thyroidJfunctionJtest)?J-JANSWERJFreeJT3,JFreeJT4,JcirculatingJTSH

(ThisJisJaJbloodJtest)



MostJT3/T4JinJplasmaJisJboundJtoJ___J-JANSWERJthyroxine-bindingJglobulin



PCJofJhypothyroidismJ-JANSWERJWeightJgain

Lethargy

ColdJintolerance

Dry,JthickJskin

BrittleJhairJandJloss

LossJofJlateralJthirdJofJtheJeyebrow

Bradycardia

Menorrhagia



WhatJisJprimaryJhypothyroidism?J-
JANSWERJReducedJsecretionJofJthyroidJhormoneJfromJtheJthyroidJglandJitselfJ(COMMON)




TFTJresultsJinJprimaryJhypothyroidismJ-JANSWERJReducedJT3JandJT4

RaisedJTSH

, WhatJisJsecondaryJhypothyroidism?J-
JANSWERJReductionJinJhormonesJwhichJstimulateJtheJthyroidJglandJtoJproduceJthyroidJhormoneJ(RARE).JCa

useJcanJeitherJbeJpituitaryJorJhypothalamic.



TFTJresultsJinJsecondaryJhypothyroidismJ-JANSWERJReducedJT3JandJT4

ReducedJTSHJ(couldJsometimesJbeJnormal)



WhatJisJsubclinicalJhypothyroidism?J-JANSWERJAnJearly,JmildJformJofJhypothyroidism



TFTJresultsJinJsubclinicalJhypothyroidism.J-JANSWERJIncreasedJTSHJ+JnormalJT3J&JT4



WhatJareJtheJcausesJofJhypothyroidism?J-JANSWERJ1.JPrimaryJatrophicJhypothyroidismJ-
JatrophyJofJgland,JnoJgoiter



2.JHashimoto'sJthyroiditis

3.JIodineJdeficiency

4.JPost-thyroidectomyJorJradioiodineJtreatment

5.JDrugJinducedJ(anti-thyroidJdrugs,Jamiodarone,Jlithium,Jiodine)

6.JSubacuteJthyroiditisJ(temporaryJhypothyroidismJafterJaJhyperthyroidJphase)



WhatJisJHashimoto'sJthyroiditis?J-
JANSWERJAutoimmuneJdisease,JcausingJdisruptionJofJtheJfunctionJofJtheJthyroidJglandJ->Jhypothyroidism



TheJmostJcommonJcauseJofJhypothyroidismJinJiodineJsufficientJareasJ

GoitreJdueJtoJlymphocyticJandJplasmaJcellJinfiltration

AutoantibodyJtitresJareJveryJhigh.



WhatJisJmyxedema?J-
JANSWERJSevereJhypothyroidism.JMayJpresentJwithJpuffyJface,Jhands,JandJfeet.JThereJisJthickeningJofJtheJsk

in,JthinningJofJtheJouterJone-
thirdJofJtheJeyebrowsJandJcognitiveJsymptomsJsuchJasJslowedJthinking,JpoorJshort-
termJmemoryJandJdepression/dementia

ThyroidJglandJgrowsJinJsizeJ(highJTSH)J->JgoiterJ(dueJtoJhyperplasiaJandJhypertrophy)