Pathophysiology Final (Exam 1 )
1. Which of the following causes gout?
a. Loss of serotonin receptors
b. Excessive uric acid metabolism
c. Impaired liver function
d. Impaired cardiac arrest: b. Excessive uric acid metabolism
2. Which of the following effects does histamine, an inflammatory mediator
have on the body?
a. It causes the airways to dilate
b. It causes the blood vessels to dilate
c. It dries up mucous membranes
d. It causes the blood vessels to constrict: b. It causes the blood vessels to
dilate 3. What is the function of the mitochondria?
a. Replicates proteins
b. Form antibodies on the outside of the cell
c. Produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy
d. Form a protective barrier around the cell: c. Produces adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) for energy
4. On a complete blood count with differential, a client with allergies will
have high levels of which of the following?
a. Basophils
b. Hemoglobin
c. Red blood cells
d. Platelets: a. Basophils
5. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system causes the release of many
hormones, including angiotensin 1 and angiotensin 2, and aldosterone.
Which of the following are effects of the RAAS?
a. Vasodilation and decreased BP
b. Increased HR and pupil dilation
c. Water retention and sodium elimination
, Pathophysiology Final (Exam 1 )
d. Vasoconstriction and increased BP: d. Vasoconstriction and increased BP
- Water and sodium reabsorption
6. Which of the following is a symptom of dehydration?
a. Crackles in the lungs
b. Weight gain
c. Thirst
d. Slow; regular pulse: c. Thirst
- Dry mucous membranes
- weight loss- Fast pulse
7. Which of the following best describes the movement of water between
interstitial and intracellular compartments?
a. Diffusion
b. Filtration
c. Active transport
d. Osmosis: c. Active transport
- Filtration: vascular -> interstitial
- Osmosis: Passive movement in interstitial space (low -> high) 8. What
is one of the properties of cancer cells?
a. The ability to invade local tissue and overrun neighboring cells
b. Cannot migrate to distant tissues
c. Planned cell death (apoptosis)
d. Genetically stable: a. The ability to invade tissue and overrun neighboring
cells 9. Fluid volume deficits may result from which of the following?
a. Chronic heart failure
b. End-stage kidney failure
c. Vomiting and diarrhea
d. Cirrhosis: c. Vomiting and diarrhea
- Cirrhosis: liver damage
, Pathophysiology Final (Exam 1 )
10. A client has a potassium of 1.9 mEq/mL. Which of the following is a
potential complication of this electrolyte imbalance?
a. Skin discoloration
b. Bone fracture
c. Immobility
d. Cardiac arrythmias: d. Cardiac arrythmias
11. What immunoglobulin (Ig) mediates the type 1 hypersensitivity
reactions?
a. IgM
b. IgA
c. IgG
d. IgE: d. IgE
- IgM: type 2
- IgG: type 2 & 3
12. A client diagnosed with heart failure reports to the healthcare provider
a feeling of dizziness upon standing. What is the client describing? a. A
contraindication
b. A sign
c. A Symptom
d. Objective data: c. A symptom
13. A client presents to the emergency department after sustaining burn injury
to the hands and forearms. Her skin appears red and there are numerous
fluid-filled blisters present. What type of burn would this be classified by? a.
1st degree
b. 2nd degree
c. 3rd degree
d. Full-thickness burn: b. 2nd degree
- 1st: Only epidermis - no blisters
, Pathophysiology Final (Exam 1 )
- 3rd: all 3 layers
- Full-thickness: AKA 3rd degree
14. What is a complication of a bone fracture that causes decreased blood
flow and is painful
a. Ecchymosis
b. Inflammation
c. Compartment syndrome
d. Rickets: c. Compartment syndrome
- Ecchymosis: discoloration of skin
- Rickets: Weakening of bones
15. Which of the following conditions is an example of a type 2
hypersensitivity?
a. Contact dermatitis
b. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) c.
Anaphylaxis
d. Rheumatoid arthritis: b. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis
fetalis)
- Contact dermatitis: Type 4
16. What are the steps of carcinogenesis?
a. Initiation, promotion, progression
b. Promotion, initiation, metastasis
c. Progression, initiation, differentiation
d. Initiation, angiogenesis, progression: a. Initiation, promotion, progression
17. Fluid excessive occurs by which of the following?
a. Drinking and panting
b. Urination ans sweating
c. Inhalation and spitting
d. Crying and drinking: b. Urination and sweating
1. Which of the following causes gout?
a. Loss of serotonin receptors
b. Excessive uric acid metabolism
c. Impaired liver function
d. Impaired cardiac arrest: b. Excessive uric acid metabolism
2. Which of the following effects does histamine, an inflammatory mediator
have on the body?
a. It causes the airways to dilate
b. It causes the blood vessels to dilate
c. It dries up mucous membranes
d. It causes the blood vessels to constrict: b. It causes the blood vessels to
dilate 3. What is the function of the mitochondria?
a. Replicates proteins
b. Form antibodies on the outside of the cell
c. Produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy
d. Form a protective barrier around the cell: c. Produces adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) for energy
4. On a complete blood count with differential, a client with allergies will
have high levels of which of the following?
a. Basophils
b. Hemoglobin
c. Red blood cells
d. Platelets: a. Basophils
5. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system causes the release of many
hormones, including angiotensin 1 and angiotensin 2, and aldosterone.
Which of the following are effects of the RAAS?
a. Vasodilation and decreased BP
b. Increased HR and pupil dilation
c. Water retention and sodium elimination
, Pathophysiology Final (Exam 1 )
d. Vasoconstriction and increased BP: d. Vasoconstriction and increased BP
- Water and sodium reabsorption
6. Which of the following is a symptom of dehydration?
a. Crackles in the lungs
b. Weight gain
c. Thirst
d. Slow; regular pulse: c. Thirst
- Dry mucous membranes
- weight loss- Fast pulse
7. Which of the following best describes the movement of water between
interstitial and intracellular compartments?
a. Diffusion
b. Filtration
c. Active transport
d. Osmosis: c. Active transport
- Filtration: vascular -> interstitial
- Osmosis: Passive movement in interstitial space (low -> high) 8. What
is one of the properties of cancer cells?
a. The ability to invade local tissue and overrun neighboring cells
b. Cannot migrate to distant tissues
c. Planned cell death (apoptosis)
d. Genetically stable: a. The ability to invade tissue and overrun neighboring
cells 9. Fluid volume deficits may result from which of the following?
a. Chronic heart failure
b. End-stage kidney failure
c. Vomiting and diarrhea
d. Cirrhosis: c. Vomiting and diarrhea
- Cirrhosis: liver damage
, Pathophysiology Final (Exam 1 )
10. A client has a potassium of 1.9 mEq/mL. Which of the following is a
potential complication of this electrolyte imbalance?
a. Skin discoloration
b. Bone fracture
c. Immobility
d. Cardiac arrythmias: d. Cardiac arrythmias
11. What immunoglobulin (Ig) mediates the type 1 hypersensitivity
reactions?
a. IgM
b. IgA
c. IgG
d. IgE: d. IgE
- IgM: type 2
- IgG: type 2 & 3
12. A client diagnosed with heart failure reports to the healthcare provider
a feeling of dizziness upon standing. What is the client describing? a. A
contraindication
b. A sign
c. A Symptom
d. Objective data: c. A symptom
13. A client presents to the emergency department after sustaining burn injury
to the hands and forearms. Her skin appears red and there are numerous
fluid-filled blisters present. What type of burn would this be classified by? a.
1st degree
b. 2nd degree
c. 3rd degree
d. Full-thickness burn: b. 2nd degree
- 1st: Only epidermis - no blisters
, Pathophysiology Final (Exam 1 )
- 3rd: all 3 layers
- Full-thickness: AKA 3rd degree
14. What is a complication of a bone fracture that causes decreased blood
flow and is painful
a. Ecchymosis
b. Inflammation
c. Compartment syndrome
d. Rickets: c. Compartment syndrome
- Ecchymosis: discoloration of skin
- Rickets: Weakening of bones
15. Which of the following conditions is an example of a type 2
hypersensitivity?
a. Contact dermatitis
b. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis fetalis) c.
Anaphylaxis
d. Rheumatoid arthritis: b. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (erythroblastosis
fetalis)
- Contact dermatitis: Type 4
16. What are the steps of carcinogenesis?
a. Initiation, promotion, progression
b. Promotion, initiation, metastasis
c. Progression, initiation, differentiation
d. Initiation, angiogenesis, progression: a. Initiation, promotion, progression
17. Fluid excessive occurs by which of the following?
a. Drinking and panting
b. Urination ans sweating
c. Inhalation and spitting
d. Crying and drinking: b. Urination and sweating
