Pathophysiology Final Exam (Rasmussen).
225 Q’s and A’s. Graded A+. 2024-2025
Update.
1. which of the following would be a sign of right-sided heart failure?
a) increased urination
b) peripheral edema
c) pulmonary edema
d) immunosuppression
peripheral edema
2. which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (select all that apply)
a) jugular vein distention
b) cough with frothy sputum
c) crackles auscultated in lungs
d) dyspnea
b) cough with frothy sputum
c) crackles auscultated in lungs
d) dyspnea
3. which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure?
a) antibiotics and steroids
b) vitamin d and calcium
c) calcium channel blockers and zafron
d) ace inhibitors and beta-blockers
ace inhibitors and beta-blockers
4. which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism?
a) an autoimmune disorder
b) a venous blood clot from lower extremity
c) an increase in intracranial pressure
d) hypotension
a venous blood clot from lower extremity
5. virchow's triad contributes to pulmonary embolism formation. virchow's triad factors include all of the
following except:
a) venous blood stasis
b) damage to the venous wall
c) venous blood hypermobility
d) increased blood coagulability
venous blood hypermobility
6. how does unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris?
, a) can only be diagnosed by changes in cardiac biomarkers
b) manifests in ecg changes only
c) is not relieved by periods of rest
d) not as serious as stable angina
not relieved by periods of rest
7. which of the following organs are primarily affected by poorly managed hypertension?
a) bladder and urethra
b) brain and skin
c) heart and kidneys
d) stomach and intestines
heart and kidneys
8. management of hypertension involves multiple approaches including which of the following?
a) dietary modifications
b) engaging in regular exercise routines
c) prescribing diuretics and/or anti-hypertensives
d) all of the above
all of the above
9. when arterial blood pressure declines, the cells of the kidneys secrete a hormone called ___ to increase
blood pressure and peripheral resistance.
a) renin
b) antidiuretic hormone
c) atrial natriuretic
d) erythropoietin
renin
10. which of the following are examples of complications of shock? (select all that apply)
a) multiple organ dysfunction
b) acute renal failure
c) clotting and bleeding disorders
d) increased cardiac output
a) multiple organ dysfunction
b) acute renal failure
c) clotting and bleeding disorders
11. what pathophysiological responses would you expect to find in a client who has anaphylactic shock?
a) bronchodilation, peripheral constriction, decreased capillary permeability
b) asthma, deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy
c) bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
d) left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, uti
bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
12. what is the cause of cardiogenic shock?
a) severe ventricular dysfunction
b) acute blood loss
c) severe atrial dysfunction
d) suppression of the sympathetic nervous system
severe ventricular dysfunction
, 13. what is occurring in the body of clients with hypovolemic shock?
a) inadequate stomach acid
b) insufficient circulating blood volume
c) insect bite or snake bites
d) not taking enough diuretics
insufficient circulating blood volume
14. obstructive shock is due to a mechanical obstruction impeding blood flow. cause of obstructive shock include
all of the following except?
a) spinal cord injury
b) pulmonary embolism
c) cardiac tamponade
d) tension pneumothorax
spinal cord injury
15. presentation of shock includes all of the following clinical findings except:
a) altered level of consciousness
b) hypotension
c) mental clarity
d) tachycardia
mental clarity
16. septic shock is a common cause of death in the icu. what causes sepsis?
a) an overwhelming allergic reaction
b) severe inflammatory response to pathogens
c) unknown causes resulting in hypertension
d) poor nursing and health care provider interventions
severe inflammatory response to a pathogen
17. which of the following is a type of septic shock?
a) cardiogenic shock
b) distributive shock
c) obstructive shock
d) hypovolemic shock
distributive shock
18. a disease where the client often has shortened (genetic mutation) dystrophin strand resulting in small tears
in the muscles as they are used resulted in muscle degeneration is called what?
a) gower's disease
b) duchenne's muscular dystrophy
c) multiple sclerosis
d) fibromyalgia
duchenne muscular dystrophy
19. homeostasis
the maintenance of a constant, internal state.
20. allostasis
the process where the body response to stressors in or to maintain homeostasis
225 Q’s and A’s. Graded A+. 2024-2025
Update.
1. which of the following would be a sign of right-sided heart failure?
a) increased urination
b) peripheral edema
c) pulmonary edema
d) immunosuppression
peripheral edema
2. which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (select all that apply)
a) jugular vein distention
b) cough with frothy sputum
c) crackles auscultated in lungs
d) dyspnea
b) cough with frothy sputum
c) crackles auscultated in lungs
d) dyspnea
3. which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure?
a) antibiotics and steroids
b) vitamin d and calcium
c) calcium channel blockers and zafron
d) ace inhibitors and beta-blockers
ace inhibitors and beta-blockers
4. which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism?
a) an autoimmune disorder
b) a venous blood clot from lower extremity
c) an increase in intracranial pressure
d) hypotension
a venous blood clot from lower extremity
5. virchow's triad contributes to pulmonary embolism formation. virchow's triad factors include all of the
following except:
a) venous blood stasis
b) damage to the venous wall
c) venous blood hypermobility
d) increased blood coagulability
venous blood hypermobility
6. how does unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris?
, a) can only be diagnosed by changes in cardiac biomarkers
b) manifests in ecg changes only
c) is not relieved by periods of rest
d) not as serious as stable angina
not relieved by periods of rest
7. which of the following organs are primarily affected by poorly managed hypertension?
a) bladder and urethra
b) brain and skin
c) heart and kidneys
d) stomach and intestines
heart and kidneys
8. management of hypertension involves multiple approaches including which of the following?
a) dietary modifications
b) engaging in regular exercise routines
c) prescribing diuretics and/or anti-hypertensives
d) all of the above
all of the above
9. when arterial blood pressure declines, the cells of the kidneys secrete a hormone called ___ to increase
blood pressure and peripheral resistance.
a) renin
b) antidiuretic hormone
c) atrial natriuretic
d) erythropoietin
renin
10. which of the following are examples of complications of shock? (select all that apply)
a) multiple organ dysfunction
b) acute renal failure
c) clotting and bleeding disorders
d) increased cardiac output
a) multiple organ dysfunction
b) acute renal failure
c) clotting and bleeding disorders
11. what pathophysiological responses would you expect to find in a client who has anaphylactic shock?
a) bronchodilation, peripheral constriction, decreased capillary permeability
b) asthma, deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy
c) bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
d) left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, uti
bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
12. what is the cause of cardiogenic shock?
a) severe ventricular dysfunction
b) acute blood loss
c) severe atrial dysfunction
d) suppression of the sympathetic nervous system
severe ventricular dysfunction
, 13. what is occurring in the body of clients with hypovolemic shock?
a) inadequate stomach acid
b) insufficient circulating blood volume
c) insect bite or snake bites
d) not taking enough diuretics
insufficient circulating blood volume
14. obstructive shock is due to a mechanical obstruction impeding blood flow. cause of obstructive shock include
all of the following except?
a) spinal cord injury
b) pulmonary embolism
c) cardiac tamponade
d) tension pneumothorax
spinal cord injury
15. presentation of shock includes all of the following clinical findings except:
a) altered level of consciousness
b) hypotension
c) mental clarity
d) tachycardia
mental clarity
16. septic shock is a common cause of death in the icu. what causes sepsis?
a) an overwhelming allergic reaction
b) severe inflammatory response to pathogens
c) unknown causes resulting in hypertension
d) poor nursing and health care provider interventions
severe inflammatory response to a pathogen
17. which of the following is a type of septic shock?
a) cardiogenic shock
b) distributive shock
c) obstructive shock
d) hypovolemic shock
distributive shock
18. a disease where the client often has shortened (genetic mutation) dystrophin strand resulting in small tears
in the muscles as they are used resulted in muscle degeneration is called what?
a) gower's disease
b) duchenne's muscular dystrophy
c) multiple sclerosis
d) fibromyalgia
duchenne muscular dystrophy
19. homeostasis
the maintenance of a constant, internal state.
20. allostasis
the process where the body response to stressors in or to maintain homeostasis
