AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
CystitisE(UTI)E-
EANSWEREUncomplicated,ErespondsEwellEtoEantibiotic.ECausedEmostlyEbyEeEcoli.ENoEcastsEpresentEinEuaEc&E
s
pyelonephritisE-EANSWEREkidneyEinfection
ComplicatedE
IvEatbEtoEtreat
ClassicEtriad:Evomiting,EflankEpain,Efever
CastsEareEpresentEinEuaEc&Es
calciumEoxalateE-EANSWEREmostEcommonEtypeEofEkidneyEstone
MostEcommonEsiteEofErenalEcalculusE-EANSWEREUreterovesicularEjunction
GoldEstandardEdiagnosisEforErenalEcalculusE-EANSWERECtEscan
TrueEorEfalse:EallEtypesEofErenalEstonesEcanEbeEseenEonEctEscanE-EANSWERETrue
KidneyEstonesEthatEpassEonEtheirEownE-EANSWERE<E0.5Ecm
KidneyEstonesEthatEcauseEobstructionE-EANSWERE>1.0cm
goalsEofEtreatmentEforErenalEstonesE-EANSWEREmanageEacuteEpain
promoteEpassageEofEstone
reduceEstoneEsize
preventEnewEstoneEformation
, preventionEofErenalEstoneEformationEincludeEwhichEtwoEelementsE-EANSWERECitrateE&
magnesium
MostEcommonEtypeEofErenalEstoneE-EANSWERECalciumEstone
CalciumEstonesEareEtreatedEwithE________EtoEpromoteEexcretionEofEstoneE-EANSWEREThiazideEdiuretic
CausesEofEstruviteEstonesE-EANSWEREUTI
bacteriaE:Eklebsiella,Eenterobacteria
whichEelementsEcombineEtoEmakeEstruviteEstones?E-EANSWEREammonia,Emagesium,Ephosphate
TypeEofErenalEstoneEfoundEinEchildren,EwithEgeneticEcausingEfactorE-EANSWERECystineEstone
suddenElossEofErenalEfunction,EreversibleE,EkidneysErespondEwellEtoEdiureticsE-
EANSWEREacuteErenalEfailureE(ARF)
labsE-EcreatinineEincreasedEatEleastE50%EfromEbaseEline,EdecreasedEcreatinineEclearanceE-
EANSWEREAcuteErenalEfailure
ARFEstageEthatEisEidentifiedEbyE1-3EdaysEwithEelevatedEBUNEandECreatinine,EdecreasedEurineEoutputE-
EANSWEREOnset
ARFEstageEidentifiedEbyEoutputE<400ml/day,EelevatedEBUNEandECreatinine,EPhosphateEandEPotassium.EMa
yElastE14EdaysE-EANSWEREOliguric
ARFEstageEidentifiedEbyEincreasedEoutputE,EnoEwasteEsecretionE-EANSWEREDiuretic
ARFEstageEwhereErenalEfunctionEreturnsE-EANSWERERecovery