Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of particles or energy from the unstable nuclei of certain atoms as they decay to become more stable. This process occurs in three main forms: Alpha decay: Emission of alpha particles (2 protons and 2 neutrons), decreasing the atomic number by 2. Beta decay: Emission of beta particles (electrons or positrons), altering the number of protons or neutrons. Gamma decay: Emission of gamma rays (high-energy electromagnetic radiation), which often follows alpha or beta decay. Radioactivity is used in medicine, energy production, and radiocarbon dating, but it poses health risks due to radiation exposure.
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