A child may experience the following proprioceptive system (muscles, joints, skin)
challenges: - Answer-muscle or joint pain, trouble with throwing a ball with the correct
timing or force, finding it hard to read and track their hand while they write, being
sensitive to walking or footwear, finding it difficult to copy notes from the chalkboard,
personal boundaries
/.A positive self-concept is - Answer-formed when children experience themselves as
loved, accepted and successful. Children have concrete experiences of these aspects.
It is the sum of these feelings and experiences that in turn creates a positive body
image.
/.Ability to focus on a specific point - Answer-It is necessary for the child to be able to
focus on a specific point such as small, static two-dimensional letters on the paper in
schoolbooks. Academic learning is dependent on visual skills in order to see the written
symbols when reading, writing, spelling and doing Mathematics.
/.Children who have trouble crossing the midline may have the following symptoms: -
Answer-unable to determine laterality which is left and which is right as they use both
hands, unable to determine the dominant hand because they are using both at the
same time, unable to touch the left shoulder with the right hand, will turn the paper on
the desk in order to write, thus avoiding the midline, will write on the vertical line down -
will squash letters down a chosen side, unable to read from left to right - will stop in the
middle of a sentence
/.Concentration - Answer-is developed with many opportunities, which are presented for
the learner to improve concentration and enhance learning during movement activities.
/.Confidence and self-esteem - Answer-are developed while participating in movement.
Movement activities promote a strong sense of wellbeing, which improves confidence,
optimism and self-esteem. It encourages learners to explore their talents and skills.
/.Conveying the value of education through experience - Answer-in movement activities
in the Foundation Phase provides new perspectives on the importance of education.
/.Cooperation through - Answer-movement activities provides opportunities for sharing,
cooperation, taking turns and perseverance within a safe learning environment that is
guided by teachers who have the children's best interests at heart
/.Crawling - Answer-The most important motor development milestone of an infant is
crawling. crawling helps with the development of the vestibular (balance), proprioceptive
(body in space, spatial) and visual systems which are initiated once the child starts
crawling. Developing fundamental motor skills relies on sufficient opportunities provided
, for the development of these rudimentary movements and are discussed in the next
section.
/.Crossing the midline - Answer-Midline crossing refers to the crossing of the midline,
which is the imaginary line down the centre of the body. It is the learner's ability to reach
across the midline with the arms and the legs, crossing over to the opposite side.
/.Cultural diversity - Answer-is enhanced in movement. Being exposed to a variety of
activities from different cultures through movement teaches children respect for others,
understanding and empathy.
/.Development of spatial awareness - Answer-Spatial awareness refers to the
awareness of space, first with an inner awareness of the body, progressing to an
awareness of space around the young child. This is also referred to as proprioception
which is the child's awareness of where their body is in space.
/.Development of the concepts of "background" and "foreground" - Answer-The child
must have an understanding of what the difference is between background and
foreground. This means what is near and what is far away from them. This is also
referred to as accommodation, which includes convergence (near-point focusing) and
divergence (far-point focusing)
/.Directionality - Answer-Directionality refers to a learner's understanding of the
difference between left and right, up and down, under and over, around and next to,
behind, and the like. The child needs to know and differentiate between various
directions.
/.Enthusiasm for lifelong learning - Answer-through movement is what teachers need to
inspire children towards and further create opportunities for lifelong participation in
physical activity
/.Essential learning which takes place through movement - Answer-Children from a
young age have an insatiable desire for movement and the benefits are far greater than
are usually realised. The following learning takes place through movement and is
essential in acquiring the skills required for school readiness.
/.Fine motor abilities - Answer-develop later and require the use of the smaller muscles
in the fingers, hands and feet for important actions like picking up an object or holding a
pencil.
/.Fundamental movement skills - Answer-are movement patterns that involve various
body parts and provide the basis of physical literacy. Fundamental movement skills are
the foundational movements, or precursor patterns, to the more specialised and
complex skills used in play, games and specific sports.
challenges: - Answer-muscle or joint pain, trouble with throwing a ball with the correct
timing or force, finding it hard to read and track their hand while they write, being
sensitive to walking or footwear, finding it difficult to copy notes from the chalkboard,
personal boundaries
/.A positive self-concept is - Answer-formed when children experience themselves as
loved, accepted and successful. Children have concrete experiences of these aspects.
It is the sum of these feelings and experiences that in turn creates a positive body
image.
/.Ability to focus on a specific point - Answer-It is necessary for the child to be able to
focus on a specific point such as small, static two-dimensional letters on the paper in
schoolbooks. Academic learning is dependent on visual skills in order to see the written
symbols when reading, writing, spelling and doing Mathematics.
/.Children who have trouble crossing the midline may have the following symptoms: -
Answer-unable to determine laterality which is left and which is right as they use both
hands, unable to determine the dominant hand because they are using both at the
same time, unable to touch the left shoulder with the right hand, will turn the paper on
the desk in order to write, thus avoiding the midline, will write on the vertical line down -
will squash letters down a chosen side, unable to read from left to right - will stop in the
middle of a sentence
/.Concentration - Answer-is developed with many opportunities, which are presented for
the learner to improve concentration and enhance learning during movement activities.
/.Confidence and self-esteem - Answer-are developed while participating in movement.
Movement activities promote a strong sense of wellbeing, which improves confidence,
optimism and self-esteem. It encourages learners to explore their talents and skills.
/.Conveying the value of education through experience - Answer-in movement activities
in the Foundation Phase provides new perspectives on the importance of education.
/.Cooperation through - Answer-movement activities provides opportunities for sharing,
cooperation, taking turns and perseverance within a safe learning environment that is
guided by teachers who have the children's best interests at heart
/.Crawling - Answer-The most important motor development milestone of an infant is
crawling. crawling helps with the development of the vestibular (balance), proprioceptive
(body in space, spatial) and visual systems which are initiated once the child starts
crawling. Developing fundamental motor skills relies on sufficient opportunities provided
, for the development of these rudimentary movements and are discussed in the next
section.
/.Crossing the midline - Answer-Midline crossing refers to the crossing of the midline,
which is the imaginary line down the centre of the body. It is the learner's ability to reach
across the midline with the arms and the legs, crossing over to the opposite side.
/.Cultural diversity - Answer-is enhanced in movement. Being exposed to a variety of
activities from different cultures through movement teaches children respect for others,
understanding and empathy.
/.Development of spatial awareness - Answer-Spatial awareness refers to the
awareness of space, first with an inner awareness of the body, progressing to an
awareness of space around the young child. This is also referred to as proprioception
which is the child's awareness of where their body is in space.
/.Development of the concepts of "background" and "foreground" - Answer-The child
must have an understanding of what the difference is between background and
foreground. This means what is near and what is far away from them. This is also
referred to as accommodation, which includes convergence (near-point focusing) and
divergence (far-point focusing)
/.Directionality - Answer-Directionality refers to a learner's understanding of the
difference between left and right, up and down, under and over, around and next to,
behind, and the like. The child needs to know and differentiate between various
directions.
/.Enthusiasm for lifelong learning - Answer-through movement is what teachers need to
inspire children towards and further create opportunities for lifelong participation in
physical activity
/.Essential learning which takes place through movement - Answer-Children from a
young age have an insatiable desire for movement and the benefits are far greater than
are usually realised. The following learning takes place through movement and is
essential in acquiring the skills required for school readiness.
/.Fine motor abilities - Answer-develop later and require the use of the smaller muscles
in the fingers, hands and feet for important actions like picking up an object or holding a
pencil.
/.Fundamental movement skills - Answer-are movement patterns that involve various
body parts and provide the basis of physical literacy. Fundamental movement skills are
the foundational movements, or precursor patterns, to the more specialised and
complex skills used in play, games and specific sports.
