Developmental Psychology 2024 |Study
Terms & Questions with 100% Solutions
Object Permanence - ANSWER the awareness that things continue to exist even when
not perceived - in place by one year
Egocentrism - ANSWER Piaget's theory that in a toddler, the belief that others perceive
the world in the same way that he or she does
Egotistical - ANSWER Excessively self-absorbed; very conceited
Animistic Thinking - ANSWER The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities, such
as thoughts, wishes, feelings, and intentions
Centration - ANSWER in Piaget's theory, the tendency of a young child to focus only on one
feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features
Irreversibility - ANSWER in Piaget's theory, the inability of the young child to mentally
reverse an action
Conservation - ANSWER The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete
operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the
same despite changes in the forms of objects.
Mental Operations - ANSWER In Piaget's theory, the mental process of
solving problems by manipulating images in one's mind.
, Theory of Mind - ANSWER an awareness that other people's behavior may be influenced
by beliefs, desires, and emotions that differ from one's own
Lev Vygotsky - ANSWER Russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the
social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal
development
Zones of Proximal Development - ANSWER (Vygotsky) distance between what an individaul
can accomplish on independently and what he or she can accomplish with the guidance and
encouragement of a more skilled partner (develop quickly or slowly depends on these zones)
Temperament - ANSWER basic emotional style that appears early in development and is
largely genetic in origin but not written in stone
Parenting Styles - ANSWER authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative
Diane Baumrind - ANSWER identified three patterns of parental behavior associated with
varying levels of children's competence; stated parenting styles as authoritative, authoritarian
and permissive
Authoritarian Parenting Style - ANSWER style of parenting marked by emotional
coldness, imposing rules and expecting obedience
Authoritative Parenting Style - ANSWER A parenting style in which parents encourage their
children to be independent but still place limits and controls on their actions. Extensive verbal
give-and-take is allowed, and parents are warm and nurturing toward the child. The parenting
style is associated with children's social competence.
Permissive Parenting Style - ANSWER unclear guidelines for their children; rules are
constantly changed or aren't enforced consistently
Terms & Questions with 100% Solutions
Object Permanence - ANSWER the awareness that things continue to exist even when
not perceived - in place by one year
Egocentrism - ANSWER Piaget's theory that in a toddler, the belief that others perceive
the world in the same way that he or she does
Egotistical - ANSWER Excessively self-absorbed; very conceited
Animistic Thinking - ANSWER The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities, such
as thoughts, wishes, feelings, and intentions
Centration - ANSWER in Piaget's theory, the tendency of a young child to focus only on one
feature of an object while ignoring other relevant features
Irreversibility - ANSWER in Piaget's theory, the inability of the young child to mentally
reverse an action
Conservation - ANSWER The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete
operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the
same despite changes in the forms of objects.
Mental Operations - ANSWER In Piaget's theory, the mental process of
solving problems by manipulating images in one's mind.
, Theory of Mind - ANSWER an awareness that other people's behavior may be influenced
by beliefs, desires, and emotions that differ from one's own
Lev Vygotsky - ANSWER Russian developmental psychologist who emphasized the role of the
social environment on cognitive development and proposed the idea of zones of proximal
development
Zones of Proximal Development - ANSWER (Vygotsky) distance between what an individaul
can accomplish on independently and what he or she can accomplish with the guidance and
encouragement of a more skilled partner (develop quickly or slowly depends on these zones)
Temperament - ANSWER basic emotional style that appears early in development and is
largely genetic in origin but not written in stone
Parenting Styles - ANSWER authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative
Diane Baumrind - ANSWER identified three patterns of parental behavior associated with
varying levels of children's competence; stated parenting styles as authoritative, authoritarian
and permissive
Authoritarian Parenting Style - ANSWER style of parenting marked by emotional
coldness, imposing rules and expecting obedience
Authoritative Parenting Style - ANSWER A parenting style in which parents encourage their
children to be independent but still place limits and controls on their actions. Extensive verbal
give-and-take is allowed, and parents are warm and nurturing toward the child. The parenting
style is associated with children's social competence.
Permissive Parenting Style - ANSWER unclear guidelines for their children; rules are
constantly changed or aren't enforced consistently
