Nursing school entrance exam
Biology - is a science that seeks to understand the activities of living things. May also be referred to
as the science of life.
Basic biological concepts - 1. metabolism
2. homeostasis
3. adaptation
Scientific Method - A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data,
formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
to ask and answer scientific questions - by making observation & performing experiments
scientific method steps - 1. Ask a Question
2. Do Background Research
3. Construct a Hypothesis
4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
5. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion based on FACTS.
6. Communicate Your Results
Adaptation - the modification of an organism, or one or more of its parts, that makes it more fit for
existence under the conditions of its environment.
homeostasis - a tendency toward a stable state between different, but interdependent elements or
groups of elements of an organism, population or group.
metabolism - network of chemical reactions by which living cells grow and sustain themselves.
anabolism - uses energy stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to build larger
molecules from smaller molecules.
,catabolic - reactions degrade larger molecules in order to produce ATP and raw materials for
anabolic reactions.
LIFE IS BEST DEFINED IN TERMS OF THE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY ALL LIVING THINGS -
TO SUSTAIN LIFE, ALL LIVING ORGANISMS MUST BE ABLE TO COMPETENTLY CARRY OUT
BIOCHEMICAL & BIOPHYSICAL ACTIVITIES -
Nutrition, nourishments, or aliment is the supply of materials or food required by organism and cells
to stay alive. -
Processes included with nutrition - ingestion - not always an oral process .
digestion - chemical changes take place in the body.
assimilation - changing certain nutrients into the protoplasm of cells.
conveyance or transport - absorption of materials by living organisms, active transport.
diffusion - flow of molecules from areas of higher or lower concentrations
circulation - movement of fluid and other materials throughout the organism
respiration - is a complex process
consists of breathing and cellular respiration
excretion - process of removing waste products
synthesis - biochemical process
regulation - consists of all processes that control, coordinate or adjust to numerous activities of the
organism.
,allows for adaptation to the internal or external environment.
growth
- coordinated, orderly growth in cells, resulting in growth of organisms.
reproduction - reproduction of new being by parent organism or organisms
highly complex process
* without reproduction the species or organism becomes extinct
types of reproduction - 1. asexual - requiring a single parent
2. sexual - requiring two parents.
protoplasm - living matter composed of protoplasm.
- found only in living matter
includes: proteins carbohydrates, lipids, water, and nucleic acid.
growth - living matter is separated from nonliving matter by its distinctive method of growth.
every living things converts food into more living matter .
cellular organization - living matter is usually divided into small units known as cells.
cells - smallest unit of life.
cells vary in size, shape, and function.
cell respiration - life cannot be maintain without the release of energy.
oxygen is required for food breakdown the term respiration is used to describe it.
, overproduction of offspring - all living organisms produce more offspring than are necessary to
replace the parents if all should live.
reproduction - it is necessary because living organisms do not live indefinitely.
the nature of matter - anything that has weight and occupies space.
may be gas, liquid, or solid.
gases - considered fluids
have high kinetic energy
have no definite shape
have no definite volume
volume depends upon the size if the container
examples : hydrogen, methane, nitrogen, oxygen
liquids - they can take the shape of any container they're placed in.
volume always remains constant.
examples : metal mercury, nonmetal bromine, glass
solids - maintain shape.
occupy volume.
have identifying density.
cannot be forced into a smaller space.
do no increase under pressure
examples: metals (except for mercury) nonmetals, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur
elements - the simplest form of matter that cannot be changed further by chemical or physical
methods.
cannot be broken down into two or more different kinds of atoms.
Biology - is a science that seeks to understand the activities of living things. May also be referred to
as the science of life.
Basic biological concepts - 1. metabolism
2. homeostasis
3. adaptation
Scientific Method - A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data,
formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
to ask and answer scientific questions - by making observation & performing experiments
scientific method steps - 1. Ask a Question
2. Do Background Research
3. Construct a Hypothesis
4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
5. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion based on FACTS.
6. Communicate Your Results
Adaptation - the modification of an organism, or one or more of its parts, that makes it more fit for
existence under the conditions of its environment.
homeostasis - a tendency toward a stable state between different, but interdependent elements or
groups of elements of an organism, population or group.
metabolism - network of chemical reactions by which living cells grow and sustain themselves.
anabolism - uses energy stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to build larger
molecules from smaller molecules.
,catabolic - reactions degrade larger molecules in order to produce ATP and raw materials for
anabolic reactions.
LIFE IS BEST DEFINED IN TERMS OF THE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY ALL LIVING THINGS -
TO SUSTAIN LIFE, ALL LIVING ORGANISMS MUST BE ABLE TO COMPETENTLY CARRY OUT
BIOCHEMICAL & BIOPHYSICAL ACTIVITIES -
Nutrition, nourishments, or aliment is the supply of materials or food required by organism and cells
to stay alive. -
Processes included with nutrition - ingestion - not always an oral process .
digestion - chemical changes take place in the body.
assimilation - changing certain nutrients into the protoplasm of cells.
conveyance or transport - absorption of materials by living organisms, active transport.
diffusion - flow of molecules from areas of higher or lower concentrations
circulation - movement of fluid and other materials throughout the organism
respiration - is a complex process
consists of breathing and cellular respiration
excretion - process of removing waste products
synthesis - biochemical process
regulation - consists of all processes that control, coordinate or adjust to numerous activities of the
organism.
,allows for adaptation to the internal or external environment.
growth
- coordinated, orderly growth in cells, resulting in growth of organisms.
reproduction - reproduction of new being by parent organism or organisms
highly complex process
* without reproduction the species or organism becomes extinct
types of reproduction - 1. asexual - requiring a single parent
2. sexual - requiring two parents.
protoplasm - living matter composed of protoplasm.
- found only in living matter
includes: proteins carbohydrates, lipids, water, and nucleic acid.
growth - living matter is separated from nonliving matter by its distinctive method of growth.
every living things converts food into more living matter .
cellular organization - living matter is usually divided into small units known as cells.
cells - smallest unit of life.
cells vary in size, shape, and function.
cell respiration - life cannot be maintain without the release of energy.
oxygen is required for food breakdown the term respiration is used to describe it.
, overproduction of offspring - all living organisms produce more offspring than are necessary to
replace the parents if all should live.
reproduction - it is necessary because living organisms do not live indefinitely.
the nature of matter - anything that has weight and occupies space.
may be gas, liquid, or solid.
gases - considered fluids
have high kinetic energy
have no definite shape
have no definite volume
volume depends upon the size if the container
examples : hydrogen, methane, nitrogen, oxygen
liquids - they can take the shape of any container they're placed in.
volume always remains constant.
examples : metal mercury, nonmetal bromine, glass
solids - maintain shape.
occupy volume.
have identifying density.
cannot be forced into a smaller space.
do no increase under pressure
examples: metals (except for mercury) nonmetals, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur
elements - the simplest form of matter that cannot be changed further by chemical or physical
methods.
cannot be broken down into two or more different kinds of atoms.
