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Students proficient in reading by 4th grade - Answer -1/3 (32% below basic)
Phonology - Answer -the speech sound system
orthography - Answer -the writing system
syntax - Answer -structure of sentences
morphology - Answer -meaningful parts of words
semantics - Answer -word phrase and meaning
structured literacy principles - Answer -Modeling, explicit instruction, meaningful interactions with
language, multiple opportunities to practice tasks, corrective feedback is provided after student
responses, student effort encouraged, lesson engaged monitored, Students successfully complete
activities at a high criterion level of performance.
% of young students who demonstrate significant weaknesses with language processes, including,but
not limited to,phonological processing, that are the root cause of dyslexia and related learning
difficulties - Answer -15-20%
% referred to special education because of reading, writing, and or language - Answer -85%
Dyslexia - Answer -Disorders of word recognition and spelling that originate from core problems in
phonological and/or orthographic processing.Many, if not most, students with word-level reading and
spelling problems will never receive an official diagnosis or be served through special education
Most effective way to prevent and ameliorate learning problems,individuals with dyslexia and other
reading difficulties - Answer -Early Intervention (but can be helped at any age
Professional Dispositions and Practices - Answer -5.1 Strive to do no harm, maintain
confidentiality, and act in the best interest of struggling readers and readers with dyslexia and other
reading disorders.5.2 Maintain the public trust by providing accurate information about currently
accepted and scientifically supported best practices in the field.5.3 Avoid misrepresentation of the
efficacy of educational or other treatments or the proof for or against thosetreatments.5.4 Respect
objectivity by reporting assessment and treatment results accurately,and truthfully.5.5 Avoid making
unfounded claims of any kind regarding the training, experience, credentials, affiliations, and degrees of
those providing services.5.6 Respect the training requirements of established credentialing
andaccreditation organizations supported byCERI and IDA.5.7 Avoid conflicts of interest when possible
and acknowledge conflicts of interest when they occur.5.8 Support just treatment of individuals with
, dyslexia and related learning difficulties.5.9 Respect confidentiality of students or clients.5.10 Respect
the intellectual property of others.
Five Knowledge and Practice Standards - Answer -1. Foundations of Literacy Aquistion
2. Knowledge of Diverse Reading Profiles Including Dyslexia
3. Assessment
4. Structured Literacy Instruction
5. Professional Dispositions and Practices
Phonological Sensitivity - Answer -awareness of rhyme, alliteration, syllables, and larger chunks of
words
5 language processing requirements of proficient reading and writing - Answer -phonological,
orthographic, semantic, syntactic, discourse
Acquired Dyslexia - Answer -refers to persons who have learned to read and write with no
difficulty who subsequently experience some type of brain damange and who as a result encounter
some type of brain damage and wo as a result encounter problems of varying severity with reading and
or other langauge processing skills
Affix - Answer -a grapheme or group of graphemes added to the beginning of end of a base word
or root
Alphabetic Principle - Answer -the understanding that letters represent sunds which form words
Analytical phonics - Answer -students are taught to reognize groups of whole words before
learning grapheme/phonemeic relationships. They typically analyze selected sight words later in order to
deduce certain grapheme phoneme relationships. Places much greater emphasis on visual memory and
deductive reasoning. It assumes students are able to learn and apply phonological knolwedge
inferentially with little need of direct instruction.
Aphasia - Answer -impairment or loss of the faculty to use or understand spoken or written
language due to brain damnage
Auditory Discriminiation - Answer -ability to hear likenesses and differences in phonemes and
words, sometimes referred to as "auditory perception" Those with poor auditory discrimination typically
have normal hearing acuity but may exhibit differently distinguishing certain phoenmes and words
containing similiar phonemes or phoneme patterns. can be improved with a synthetic phonics approach
Auditory Memory - Answer -encoding, storage and retieval of acoustically presented information.
Some people with dyslexia have comparative difficultly storing and quickly retrieving auditory
information from long term auditory memory. People with dyslexia frequently have difficultly with short
term auditory memory
Chunking - Answer -process of combining smaller linguistic units into larger units. Initially synthetic
phonics uses chunking only in reading and spelling non phonetic words. Slowly chunking is expanded