Bio 156 Unit 4 Exam with correct
Answers
Nucleotide - Answer -A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
DNA - Answer -A long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from
nucleotides and shaped like a double helix.
DNA Replication - Answer -DNA unzips into two parts and splits with the cell. In it's new
home each side of the DNA strand attack to matching nucleotides to create 2 exact
copies. It is important in puberty and other times of growth as it is the reproducing of
your cells.
DNA Rungs - Answer -nitrogen bases: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine
DNA Backbone - Answer -Made of deoxyribose SUGAR and Phosphate
Semi-conservative Replication - Answer -in each new DNA double helix, one strand is
from the original molecule, and one strand is new
RNA - Answer -A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose
sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U);
usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some
viruses.
DNA Vs RNA - Answer -RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, RNA contains
uracil instead of thymine like DNA, RNA is single-stranded rather than double-stranded
like DNA, RNA is smaller than DNA, and RNA is sometimes found in the cytoplasm.
RNA and DNA - Answer -Both are nucleic acids, made of nucleotides, have sugar-
phosphate backbones, and found in the nucleus
3 Types of RNA - Answer -Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transport RNA (tRNA), Ribosomal
RNA (rRNA)
, Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - Answer -A constituent of ribosome; exists within the
ribosomes of cytoplasm and assists in protein synthesis.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - Answer -A type of RNA, synthesized using a DNA template,
that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a
protein.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) - Answer -A type of ribonucleic acid that functions as an
interpreter in translation. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon, picks up a
specific amino acid, and conveys the amino acid to the appropriate codon on mRNA.
Proteins - Answer -Composed of subunits of amino acids, sequence of amino acids
determines the shape of the protein; important for diverse functions in the body,
including hormones, enzymes, and transport; can denature, causing a loss of function.
Translation - Answer -Decoding of mRNA message into a polypeptide chain.
3 Steps of Translation - Answer -1.) Initiation- mRNA binds to the small ribosomal
subunits and causes 2 ribosomal units to associate. 2.) Elongation- polypeptide
lengthens, tRNA picks up an amino acid, tRNA has an anticodonthat is complementary
to the codon on the mRNA; tRNA anticodon bonds to the codon and drops off an amino
acid to the growing polypeptide 3.) Termination- a stop codon on the mRNA causes the
ribosomes to fall off the mRNA.
Gene Expression - Answer -The process by which information encoded in DNA directs
the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins
and instead function as RNAs.
2 Steps of Gene Expression - Answer -1.) Transcription- DNA is read to make a mRNA
in the nucleus of our cells
2.) Translation- reading the mRNA to make a protein in the cytoplasm
Codon - Answer -A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or
RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
Stop Codon - Answer -UAG, UAA, or UGA; the codon that ends all RNA.
Transcription - Answer -mRna is made from a DNA template; mRNA is processed
before leaving the nucleus; mRNA moves to the ribosomes to be read
Processing mRNA - Answer -original mRNA molecule produced by transcription
contains many nucleotides that do not code for a codon; these noncoding regions are
called introns are spliced out; the coding regions called exons are put back together; a
cap (ribosome bonding site) and a tail (for protection) are added; innies are the outies
Answers
Nucleotide - Answer -A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar
covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
DNA - Answer -A long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from
nucleotides and shaped like a double helix.
DNA Replication - Answer -DNA unzips into two parts and splits with the cell. In it's new
home each side of the DNA strand attack to matching nucleotides to create 2 exact
copies. It is important in puberty and other times of growth as it is the reproducing of
your cells.
DNA Rungs - Answer -nitrogen bases: adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine
DNA Backbone - Answer -Made of deoxyribose SUGAR and Phosphate
Semi-conservative Replication - Answer -in each new DNA double helix, one strand is
from the original molecule, and one strand is new
RNA - Answer -A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose
sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U);
usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis and as the genome of some
viruses.
DNA Vs RNA - Answer -RNA contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, RNA contains
uracil instead of thymine like DNA, RNA is single-stranded rather than double-stranded
like DNA, RNA is smaller than DNA, and RNA is sometimes found in the cytoplasm.
RNA and DNA - Answer -Both are nucleic acids, made of nucleotides, have sugar-
phosphate backbones, and found in the nucleus
3 Types of RNA - Answer -Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transport RNA (tRNA), Ribosomal
RNA (rRNA)
, Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) - Answer -A constituent of ribosome; exists within the
ribosomes of cytoplasm and assists in protein synthesis.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) - Answer -A type of RNA, synthesized using a DNA template,
that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a
protein.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) - Answer -A type of ribonucleic acid that functions as an
interpreter in translation. Each tRNA molecule has a specific anticodon, picks up a
specific amino acid, and conveys the amino acid to the appropriate codon on mRNA.
Proteins - Answer -Composed of subunits of amino acids, sequence of amino acids
determines the shape of the protein; important for diverse functions in the body,
including hormones, enzymes, and transport; can denature, causing a loss of function.
Translation - Answer -Decoding of mRNA message into a polypeptide chain.
3 Steps of Translation - Answer -1.) Initiation- mRNA binds to the small ribosomal
subunits and causes 2 ribosomal units to associate. 2.) Elongation- polypeptide
lengthens, tRNA picks up an amino acid, tRNA has an anticodonthat is complementary
to the codon on the mRNA; tRNA anticodon bonds to the codon and drops off an amino
acid to the growing polypeptide 3.) Termination- a stop codon on the mRNA causes the
ribosomes to fall off the mRNA.
Gene Expression - Answer -The process by which information encoded in DNA directs
the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins
and instead function as RNAs.
2 Steps of Gene Expression - Answer -1.) Transcription- DNA is read to make a mRNA
in the nucleus of our cells
2.) Translation- reading the mRNA to make a protein in the cytoplasm
Codon - Answer -A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or
RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
Stop Codon - Answer -UAG, UAA, or UGA; the codon that ends all RNA.
Transcription - Answer -mRna is made from a DNA template; mRNA is processed
before leaving the nucleus; mRNA moves to the ribosomes to be read
Processing mRNA - Answer -original mRNA molecule produced by transcription
contains many nucleotides that do not code for a codon; these noncoding regions are
called introns are spliced out; the coding regions called exons are put back together; a
cap (ribosome bonding site) and a tail (for protection) are added; innies are the outies
