FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING HESI/FUNDAMENTALS EXAM STUDY
GUIDE AND PRACTICE EXAM 2024/2025 | ACCURATE REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS | EXPERT VERIFIED
FOR A GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST UPDATE
The nurse should plan care knowing that which client is at risk for a potassium deficit? -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..The client receiving nasogastric suction
Rationale:
Potassium-rich gastrointestinal (GI) fluids are lost through GI suction, which places the
client at risk for hypokalemia
The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes a potassium level of 5.5
mEq/L. The nurse understands that a potassium value at this level should be noted with
which condition? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Traumatic burn
Rationale:
A serum potassium level that exceeds 5.0 mEq/L is indicative of hyperkalemia. Clients
who experience the cellular shifting of potassium, as in the early stages of massive cell
destruction (i.e., with trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis), are at
risk for hyperkalemia. The client with Cushing's syndrome or diarrhea and the client who
has been overusing laxatives are at risk for hypokalemia.
The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes that the potassium level is 5.4
mEq/L. Which should the nurse observe for on the cardiac monitor as a result of this
laboratory value? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Narrow, peaked T waves
Rationale:
A serum potassium level of 5.4 mEq/L is indicative of hyperkalemia. Cardiac changes
include a wide, flat P wave; a prolonged PR interval; a widened QRS complex; and
narrow, peaked T waves.
The nurse is instructing a client on how to decrease the intake of calcium in the diet.
The nurse should tell the client that which food item is least likely to contain calcium? -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Butter
rationale:
, Butter comes from milk fat and does not contain significant amounts of calcium. Milk,
spinach, and collard greens are calcium-containing foods and should be avoided by the
client on a calcium-restricted diet
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's
serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which prescribed medication should the nurse
prepare to assist in administering to the client? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
Rationale:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing
hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the
treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia,
large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases
the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium
concentration.
A client is having problems with blood clotting. Which food item should the nurse
encourage the client to eat? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Green, leafy vegetables
Green, leafy vegetables are high in vitamin K, which acts as a catalyst for facilitating
blood-clotting factors. Legumes are high in folic acid and thiamine. Citrus fruits are high
in vitamin C, which helps with wound healing. Vegetable oil is high in vitamin E, which
acts as an antioxidant.
When reinforcing instructions to a client with acute diverticulitis, which should the nurse
include? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Avoid whole-grain products
Diet therapy for acute diverticulitis involves allowing the bowel to rest by avoiding high-
fiber foods, such as whole-grain products and raw fruits and vegetables. Fluids are
encouraged rather than restricted. Seeds and nuts are to be avoided so that they do not
become trapped in the diverticula and cause irritation. In non-acute stages, a high-fiber
diet may be prescribed.
A client is a lacto-vegetarian. Which food item should the nurse remove from the tray? -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Eggs
Rationale:
Eggs are not consumed by lacto-vegetarians. Other dairy and plant products are eaten
by lacto-vegetarians
"insensible fluid loss of approximately 800 mL daily." Which client is at risk for this loss?
- ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Client with a fast respiratory rate
Rationale:
GUIDE AND PRACTICE EXAM 2024/2025 | ACCURATE REAL
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS | EXPERT VERIFIED
FOR A GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST UPDATE
The nurse should plan care knowing that which client is at risk for a potassium deficit? -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..The client receiving nasogastric suction
Rationale:
Potassium-rich gastrointestinal (GI) fluids are lost through GI suction, which places the
client at risk for hypokalemia
The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes a potassium level of 5.5
mEq/L. The nurse understands that a potassium value at this level should be noted with
which condition? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Traumatic burn
Rationale:
A serum potassium level that exceeds 5.0 mEq/L is indicative of hyperkalemia. Clients
who experience the cellular shifting of potassium, as in the early stages of massive cell
destruction (i.e., with trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis), are at
risk for hyperkalemia. The client with Cushing's syndrome or diarrhea and the client who
has been overusing laxatives are at risk for hypokalemia.
The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes that the potassium level is 5.4
mEq/L. Which should the nurse observe for on the cardiac monitor as a result of this
laboratory value? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Narrow, peaked T waves
Rationale:
A serum potassium level of 5.4 mEq/L is indicative of hyperkalemia. Cardiac changes
include a wide, flat P wave; a prolonged PR interval; a widened QRS complex; and
narrow, peaked T waves.
The nurse is instructing a client on how to decrease the intake of calcium in the diet.
The nurse should tell the client that which food item is least likely to contain calcium? -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Butter
rationale:
, Butter comes from milk fat and does not contain significant amounts of calcium. Milk,
spinach, and collard greens are calcium-containing foods and should be avoided by the
client on a calcium-restricted diet
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's
serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which prescribed medication should the nurse
prepare to assist in administering to the client? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Calcitonin (Miacalcin)
Rationale:
The normal serum calcium level is 8.6 to 10.0 mg/dL. This client is experiencing
hypercalcemia. Calcium gluconate and calcium chloride are medications used for the
treatment of tetany, which occurs as a result of acute hypocalcemia. In hypercalcemia,
large doses of vitamin D need to be avoided. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases
the plasma calcium level by inhibiting bone resorption and lowering the serum calcium
concentration.
A client is having problems with blood clotting. Which food item should the nurse
encourage the client to eat? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Green, leafy vegetables
Green, leafy vegetables are high in vitamin K, which acts as a catalyst for facilitating
blood-clotting factors. Legumes are high in folic acid and thiamine. Citrus fruits are high
in vitamin C, which helps with wound healing. Vegetable oil is high in vitamin E, which
acts as an antioxidant.
When reinforcing instructions to a client with acute diverticulitis, which should the nurse
include? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Avoid whole-grain products
Diet therapy for acute diverticulitis involves allowing the bowel to rest by avoiding high-
fiber foods, such as whole-grain products and raw fruits and vegetables. Fluids are
encouraged rather than restricted. Seeds and nuts are to be avoided so that they do not
become trapped in the diverticula and cause irritation. In non-acute stages, a high-fiber
diet may be prescribed.
A client is a lacto-vegetarian. Which food item should the nurse remove from the tray? -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Eggs
Rationale:
Eggs are not consumed by lacto-vegetarians. Other dairy and plant products are eaten
by lacto-vegetarians
"insensible fluid loss of approximately 800 mL daily." Which client is at risk for this loss?
- ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Client with a fast respiratory rate
Rationale:
