FUNDAMENTALS EXAM STUDY GUIDE AND
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,Anatomy - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..the study of the structure of living things
Physiology - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..scientific study of function in living systems
Gross anatomy - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..study of anatomy at the macroscopic level
Histology - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of
plants and animals
Cytology - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..branch of life science which deals with the study of cells in
terms of structure, function, and chemistry
Amount of blood in the body - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..8-12 pints
Size of normal heart - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..9-12 oz
Angiology - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..study of the circulatory system
William Harvey - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..first to describe completely and in detail the systemic
circulation and properties of blood being pumped though body by the heart
Cells in a drop of blood - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
Erythrocytes - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..red blood cells
Leukocytes - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..white blood cells
Thrombocytes - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..cells lack major organelles, play a key role in blood
clotting
Plasma - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..holds blood cells in whole blood in suspension
Arteries - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Veins - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart
Arterioles - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..extend and branches out from an artery and leads to
capillaries
Venules - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..small blood Bessel in the microcirculation that allows blood to
return from capillary beds to larger blood vessels- veins
, Layers of arterial wall - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..tunica adventitia, tunica media, tunica intima
Vasa vasorum - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..network of small blood vessels that supply large blood
vessels
Systemic anatomy - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..an approach to anatomic study organized by organ
systems
Regional anatomy - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..study of anatomy based on regions or divisions of
the body and emphasizing the relations between various structures
Pathological anatomy - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Topographical anatomy
Topographical anatomy - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..study of anatomy based on regions or divisions
of the body and emphasizing the relations between various structures
Anatomical position - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..body standing feet together, arms to the side,
head/eyes/palms facing forward
Anterior/ventral - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..towards the front
Posterior/dorsal - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..towards the rear end
Superior/cephalic - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..towards the head
Inferior/caudal - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..towards the feet
Medial - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..toward midline
Lateral - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..away from midline
Proximal - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..nearest point of attachment
Distal - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..remote from point of attachment
Superficial - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..near the surface
Deep - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..far down from top of surface
Contralateral - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..affecting opposite side of body
Ipsilateral - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..affecting same side of body