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Acute glomerulonephritis - CORRECT ANSWERS Inflammation of the
capillary loops of the renal glomeruli; results from immune complex
deposition or formation.
Acute pancreatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS —an acute inflammatory
process in which release of pancreatic enzymes results in glandular
autodigestion; there are several known causes, including biliary
disease and chronic alcohol use.
Acute renal failure - CORRECT ANSWERS —a sudden impairment of
renal function over hours to days, resulting in an acute uremic
episode; the most common clinical laboratory finding is a RISE in the
serum creatinine concentration.
Ascites - CORRECT ANSWERS —a pathologic increase in fluid in the
peritoneal cavity; may be suspected in the patient with risk factors.
Ballottement - CORRECT ANSWERS —a palpation technique used to
assess an organ or a mass
Biliary atresia - CORRECT ANSWERS —a congenital obstruction or
absence of some or all of the bile duct system, resulting in bile flow
obstruction; most have complete absence of the entire extrahepatic
biliary tree.
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Borborygmi - CORRECT ANSWERS —loud, prolonged gurgles.
Cholecystitis - CORRECT ANSWERS —an inflammatory process of
the gallbladder most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic
duct from cholelithiasis, which may be either acute or chronic.
Cholelithiasis - CORRECT ANSWERS —stone formation in the
gallbladder that occurs when certain substances reach a high
concentration in bile
and produce crystals.
Chronic pancreatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS —a chronic
inflammatory process of the pancreas characterized by irreversible
morphologic
changes resulting in atrophy, fibrosis, and pancreatic calcifications.
Cirrhosis - CORRECT ANSWERS —a diffuse hepatic process
characterized by fibrosis and alteration of normal liver architecture
into structurally abnormal nodules.
Colic - CORRECT ANSWERS —spasmodic pains in the abdomen.
Crohn disease - CORRECT ANSWERS —chronic inflammatory
disorder that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract;
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produces ulceration, fibrosis, and malabsorption; the terminal ileum
and colon are the most common sites.
Diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWERS —frequent liquid or loose stools
lasting less than 4 weeks in duration; usually abrupt in onset and
lasting less than 2 weeks.
Diverticular disease - CORRECT ANSWERS —a disease characterized
by the presence of saclike mucosal outpouchings through colonic
muscle; may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract.
Duodenal ulcer - CORRECT ANSWERS —chronic circumscribed
break in the duodenal mucosa that scars with healing; may develop
from
infection with Helicobacter pylori and increased gastric acid.
Fecal incontinence - CORRECT ANSWERS —inability to control
bowel movements, leading to leakage of stool; associated with three
major
causes:
fecal impaction,
underlying disease, and
neurogenic disorder.
, AHA CH 17 Abdomen Test Exam With 130Questions and
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease - CORRECT ANSWERS —backward
flow of gastric contents, which are typically acidic, into the
esophagus.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome - CORRECT ANSWERS —triad of
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and uremia;
one of the
most common causes of acute renal failure in children
Hepatitis - CORRECT ANSWERS —inflammatory process of the liver
characterized by diffuse or patchy hepatocellular necrosis, usually
caused by viral infection, alcohol, drugs, or toxins.
Hiatal hernia with esophagitis - CORRECT ANSWERS —condition in
which part of the stomach passes through the esophageal hiatus in
the
diaphragm and into the chest cavity; very common and occurs most
often in women and older adults.
Hirschsprung disease (congenital aganglionic megacolon) -
CORRECT ANSWERS —primary absence of parasympathetic
ganglion cells in a segment of the colon, interrupting intestinal
motility; abnormal intestinal innervation results in the absence of
peristalsis, which leads to accumulation of stool proximal to the
defect and intestinal obstruction.