BOC Urinalysis final, BOC Molecular
Pathology Final Exam And All Correct
Answers.
1) After receiving a 24 hr. urine for quantitative total protein analysis the technician must first: - Answer
measure the total volume
Measure the total volume of the sample before removing an aliquot. To calculate the total protein,
measure the protein of an aliquot to learn the mg/dL. Then multiply that answer by the number of dL in
the 24-hour collection.
2) False results in the urobilinogen testing may occur if the urine specimen is: - Answer exposed to light
Urobilinogen is degraded by light.
3) A clean catch urine is submitted to laboratory for routine urinalysis and culture. The routine urinalysis
is done first, and 3 hrs. later, the specimen is sent to the microbiology department for culture. The
specimen should: - Answer be rejected due to the time delay
It is common practice to share samples between the microbiology department and urinalysis. Ideally, the
culture is set up first to prevent contamination. If that is not feasible time wise, the sample should be
aliquotted using aseptic technique, and refrigerated until it can be cultured.
4) Which of the following urine results is most apt to be changed by prolonged exposure to light? -
Answer bilirubin
Bilirubin is degraded by light. The other analytes will not be affected.
5) Urine samples should be examined within 1 hr. of voiding because: - Answer bacterial contamination
will cause alkalinization of the urine
,Evaluate each statement. a is incorrect because these cells don't agglutinate. b is partially correct, but
urobilinogen decreases in light. c is true, bacterial overgrowth does lead to an alkaline urine. d is false,
ketones are produced by fat metabolism in the patient.
7) A urine specimen comes to the laboratory 7 hrs. after it is obtained. It is acceptable for culture only if
the specimen has been stored: - Answer at 4°-7° C
Storage must inhibit bacterial growth but not kill the bacteria. Freezing and additives are not acceptable.
The most commonly used method of preservation is refrigeration.
8) Which of the following would be affected by allowing a urine specimen to remain at room temp for 3
hrs. before analysis: - Answer pH
Consider whether a substance can increase or decrease outside the body. No more blood can be
produced. Although the RBC may rupture, they will still make a positive result on a biochemical strip. The
amount of solutes won't change, so specific gravity won't change. pH is affected by metabolism of the
urine components by bacteria, and room temperature is warm enough for this to occur. Protein will not
increase or decrease.
10) Failure to observe RBC casts in a urine specimen can be caused by: - Answer centrifuging an
unmixed specimen
Larger sediment constituents sink to the bottom of the specimen container. Without prior mixing, the
sediment in the container may not be poured into the centrifuge tube.
12) The creatinine clearance is reported in: - Answer mL/min
The creatinine clearance is a filtration rate, and is reported in minutes. The sample is a 24-hour urine,
which is entered into the calculation as the volume in milliliters, and the factor of 1,440 minutes per 24
hours is applied.
13) Microalbumin can be measured by a random urine collection. An increased microalbumin is
predictive of: - Answer nephropathy
,Patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus are at risk for kidney disease. Detection of small
amounts of albumin in the urine predict eventual kidney disease. The advantage of this sensitive
detection is that patients with microalbuminuria can be treated with anti-hypertensive medications and
followed up more intensely to delay nephropathy.
14) A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will most likely have: - Answer pale urine with a high
specific gravity
The high specific gravity is due to the glucose in the urine. Patients with diabetes mellitus have polyuria,
so that the volume of urine dilutes the urochrome [color], making the urine pale.
15) While performing an analysis of a baby's urine, the technologist notices the specimen to have a
"mousy" odor. Of the following substances that may be excreted in urine, the one that most
characteristically produces this odor is: - Answer phenylpyruvic acid
Phenylketonuria is a genetic disorder that results in a urine with a mousy odor. Acetone has a fruity odor.
Bacteria can produce an ammonia odor. Porphyrin has no odor, but a characteristic red color.
17) Urine that develops a port wine color after standing may contain: - Answer porphyrins
Colors associated with urine are due to pigments. Melanin is black. Porphyrin is port wine [red]. Bilirubin
is amber to brown.
19) Urine from a 50 yr. old man was noted to turn dark red on standing. This change is caused by: -
Answer porphyrins
The 2 pigments are porphyrin and urochrome. Urochrome is "urine color," which is yellow. Porphyrin is
red.
20) The clarity of a urine sample should be determined: - Answer following thorough mixing of the
specimen
, a is false, you don't use glass tubes in urinalysis. b is true — clarity or haziness is due to solids and cells in
the solution. These settle to the bottom of the tube; therefore, the sample should be well mixed. It is not
necessary to add anything to view clarity. Furthermore, adding SSA will precipitate urines with positive
protein. Allowing the specimen to cool to room temperature may cause amorphous crystals to form, so d
is false.
21) Milky urine from a 24 yr. old woman would most likely contain: - Answer many white blood cells
The 2 items listed that produce a white color are white blood cells and semen. It is more likely that a
woman would have a UTI with many WBC than enough post coital sperm contamination to make the
urine white.
22) A brown/black urine would most likely contain: - Answer melanin
Match the color to the pigment. Bile is green/brown. Porphyrins are red. Melanin is black. Blood cells are
red or white.
23) The yellow color of urine is primarily due to: - Answer urochrome pigment
The only normal pigment/substance listed here is urochrome.
24) Red urine may be due to: - Answer myoglobin
Match the color to the pigment. Bilirubin is amber. Myoglobin is red, like hemoglobin. Homogenistic acid
will produce a dark urine on standing.
27) Urine osmolality is related to: - Answer specific gravity
Both osmolality and specific gravity measure solutes in a solution.
28) Urine specific gravity is an index of the ability of the kidney to: - Answer concentrate the urine
Pathology Final Exam And All Correct
Answers.
1) After receiving a 24 hr. urine for quantitative total protein analysis the technician must first: - Answer
measure the total volume
Measure the total volume of the sample before removing an aliquot. To calculate the total protein,
measure the protein of an aliquot to learn the mg/dL. Then multiply that answer by the number of dL in
the 24-hour collection.
2) False results in the urobilinogen testing may occur if the urine specimen is: - Answer exposed to light
Urobilinogen is degraded by light.
3) A clean catch urine is submitted to laboratory for routine urinalysis and culture. The routine urinalysis
is done first, and 3 hrs. later, the specimen is sent to the microbiology department for culture. The
specimen should: - Answer be rejected due to the time delay
It is common practice to share samples between the microbiology department and urinalysis. Ideally, the
culture is set up first to prevent contamination. If that is not feasible time wise, the sample should be
aliquotted using aseptic technique, and refrigerated until it can be cultured.
4) Which of the following urine results is most apt to be changed by prolonged exposure to light? -
Answer bilirubin
Bilirubin is degraded by light. The other analytes will not be affected.
5) Urine samples should be examined within 1 hr. of voiding because: - Answer bacterial contamination
will cause alkalinization of the urine
,Evaluate each statement. a is incorrect because these cells don't agglutinate. b is partially correct, but
urobilinogen decreases in light. c is true, bacterial overgrowth does lead to an alkaline urine. d is false,
ketones are produced by fat metabolism in the patient.
7) A urine specimen comes to the laboratory 7 hrs. after it is obtained. It is acceptable for culture only if
the specimen has been stored: - Answer at 4°-7° C
Storage must inhibit bacterial growth but not kill the bacteria. Freezing and additives are not acceptable.
The most commonly used method of preservation is refrigeration.
8) Which of the following would be affected by allowing a urine specimen to remain at room temp for 3
hrs. before analysis: - Answer pH
Consider whether a substance can increase or decrease outside the body. No more blood can be
produced. Although the RBC may rupture, they will still make a positive result on a biochemical strip. The
amount of solutes won't change, so specific gravity won't change. pH is affected by metabolism of the
urine components by bacteria, and room temperature is warm enough for this to occur. Protein will not
increase or decrease.
10) Failure to observe RBC casts in a urine specimen can be caused by: - Answer centrifuging an
unmixed specimen
Larger sediment constituents sink to the bottom of the specimen container. Without prior mixing, the
sediment in the container may not be poured into the centrifuge tube.
12) The creatinine clearance is reported in: - Answer mL/min
The creatinine clearance is a filtration rate, and is reported in minutes. The sample is a 24-hour urine,
which is entered into the calculation as the volume in milliliters, and the factor of 1,440 minutes per 24
hours is applied.
13) Microalbumin can be measured by a random urine collection. An increased microalbumin is
predictive of: - Answer nephropathy
,Patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus are at risk for kidney disease. Detection of small
amounts of albumin in the urine predict eventual kidney disease. The advantage of this sensitive
detection is that patients with microalbuminuria can be treated with anti-hypertensive medications and
followed up more intensely to delay nephropathy.
14) A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will most likely have: - Answer pale urine with a high
specific gravity
The high specific gravity is due to the glucose in the urine. Patients with diabetes mellitus have polyuria,
so that the volume of urine dilutes the urochrome [color], making the urine pale.
15) While performing an analysis of a baby's urine, the technologist notices the specimen to have a
"mousy" odor. Of the following substances that may be excreted in urine, the one that most
characteristically produces this odor is: - Answer phenylpyruvic acid
Phenylketonuria is a genetic disorder that results in a urine with a mousy odor. Acetone has a fruity odor.
Bacteria can produce an ammonia odor. Porphyrin has no odor, but a characteristic red color.
17) Urine that develops a port wine color after standing may contain: - Answer porphyrins
Colors associated with urine are due to pigments. Melanin is black. Porphyrin is port wine [red]. Bilirubin
is amber to brown.
19) Urine from a 50 yr. old man was noted to turn dark red on standing. This change is caused by: -
Answer porphyrins
The 2 pigments are porphyrin and urochrome. Urochrome is "urine color," which is yellow. Porphyrin is
red.
20) The clarity of a urine sample should be determined: - Answer following thorough mixing of the
specimen
, a is false, you don't use glass tubes in urinalysis. b is true — clarity or haziness is due to solids and cells in
the solution. These settle to the bottom of the tube; therefore, the sample should be well mixed. It is not
necessary to add anything to view clarity. Furthermore, adding SSA will precipitate urines with positive
protein. Allowing the specimen to cool to room temperature may cause amorphous crystals to form, so d
is false.
21) Milky urine from a 24 yr. old woman would most likely contain: - Answer many white blood cells
The 2 items listed that produce a white color are white blood cells and semen. It is more likely that a
woman would have a UTI with many WBC than enough post coital sperm contamination to make the
urine white.
22) A brown/black urine would most likely contain: - Answer melanin
Match the color to the pigment. Bile is green/brown. Porphyrins are red. Melanin is black. Blood cells are
red or white.
23) The yellow color of urine is primarily due to: - Answer urochrome pigment
The only normal pigment/substance listed here is urochrome.
24) Red urine may be due to: - Answer myoglobin
Match the color to the pigment. Bilirubin is amber. Myoglobin is red, like hemoglobin. Homogenistic acid
will produce a dark urine on standing.
27) Urine osmolality is related to: - Answer specific gravity
Both osmolality and specific gravity measure solutes in a solution.
28) Urine specific gravity is an index of the ability of the kidney to: - Answer concentrate the urine
