General Psychology Terminology -
Rutgers Dr. Larry Jacob
23rd chromosome pair for female - -XX
- 23rd chromosome pair for male - -XY
- 3 Aspects of Psychology - -Behavior, Mental Processes, and Science
- 4 Stages of Intellectual Development - -Sensorimotor, Preoperational,
Concrete Operational, Formal Operation
- Abraham Maslow - -Humanistic Psychology; Introduced a major theory
of motivation, the pinnacle of which is the goal of self-actualization; focus
on what makes a person "good" rather than focus on the negatives
- Accommodation - -Modifying an old schema to fit a new object or
problem; You learn, or change your thinking in order to accommodate a
new situation
- Adaptation - -Takes place through two processes: assimilation and
accommodation
- Adolescent (early teens) - -Main Conflict: Identity versus role confusion
- Alfred Binet - -Devised the first useful IQ test; used it to identify
children in the public school system who may need special services
- Amplitude - -The intensity of sound waves and is perceived as
loudness
- Anecdotal Evidence - -People's reports of isolated events, such as
amazing coincidences or a dream come true. NOT good evidence for ESP
- Assimilation - -Applying an old schema to fit a new object or problem;
A new experience into your world by applying old knowledge
- Attention - -The tendency to respond selectively to stimuli. This is the
link between sensation, perception, and our experiences.
- Authoritarian Parents - -Emotionally more distant from the child; they
set rules without explaining the reasons behind them; Very strict,
punishing, little affection
, - Authoritative Parents - -Set high standards and impose controls, but
they are also warm and responsive to the child's communication;
Supportive but set firm limits
- B.F. Skinner - -Founded theories of Reinforcement, Shaping; Said our
behavior is learned, observable, and measurable
- Behaviorism - -A field of psychology that concentrates on observable,
measurable behaviors and not on mental processes
- Biological Psychology - -Explains behaviors in terms of biological
factors, such as activities of the nervous system, the effects of drugs and
hormones, genetics, and evolutionary pressures; Ex: How does brain
damage from drug abuse change nervous functioning?
- Blind observers - -Someone who records data without knowing the
researcher's predictions
- Carl Rogers - -Client-Centered Therapy; People receiving treatment are
referred to as clients rather than patients, reflecting their more equal
standing with the therapist and their more active role in the therapy
process.
- Case Study (Case History) - -A technique in which one person is
studied in depth to reveal underlying behavioral procedures
- Cataract - -A disorder in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy.
This disorder is treated by removing and replacing the actual lens with a
contact lens.
- Charles Darwin - -Founder of the theories of Evolution and Natural
Selection; wrote The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man
- Clinical Psychology - -Specialists in understandings and helping people
with psychological problems
- Cognitive Psychology - -A specialist who studies the processes of
thought and knowledge; Ex: What do experts in a field know or do that
sets them apart from others?
- Color Blindness - -The inability to distinguish two or more shades in
the color spectrum
- Conception - -A single sperm cell (male) penetrates the outer coating
of the egg (female) and fuses to form one fertilized cell
- Concrete Operational Stage - -• 7 to 11 years old; Concepts attached
to concrete situations; Time, space, and quantity are understood and can
be applied, but not as independent concepts
Rutgers Dr. Larry Jacob
23rd chromosome pair for female - -XX
- 23rd chromosome pair for male - -XY
- 3 Aspects of Psychology - -Behavior, Mental Processes, and Science
- 4 Stages of Intellectual Development - -Sensorimotor, Preoperational,
Concrete Operational, Formal Operation
- Abraham Maslow - -Humanistic Psychology; Introduced a major theory
of motivation, the pinnacle of which is the goal of self-actualization; focus
on what makes a person "good" rather than focus on the negatives
- Accommodation - -Modifying an old schema to fit a new object or
problem; You learn, or change your thinking in order to accommodate a
new situation
- Adaptation - -Takes place through two processes: assimilation and
accommodation
- Adolescent (early teens) - -Main Conflict: Identity versus role confusion
- Alfred Binet - -Devised the first useful IQ test; used it to identify
children in the public school system who may need special services
- Amplitude - -The intensity of sound waves and is perceived as
loudness
- Anecdotal Evidence - -People's reports of isolated events, such as
amazing coincidences or a dream come true. NOT good evidence for ESP
- Assimilation - -Applying an old schema to fit a new object or problem;
A new experience into your world by applying old knowledge
- Attention - -The tendency to respond selectively to stimuli. This is the
link between sensation, perception, and our experiences.
- Authoritarian Parents - -Emotionally more distant from the child; they
set rules without explaining the reasons behind them; Very strict,
punishing, little affection
, - Authoritative Parents - -Set high standards and impose controls, but
they are also warm and responsive to the child's communication;
Supportive but set firm limits
- B.F. Skinner - -Founded theories of Reinforcement, Shaping; Said our
behavior is learned, observable, and measurable
- Behaviorism - -A field of psychology that concentrates on observable,
measurable behaviors and not on mental processes
- Biological Psychology - -Explains behaviors in terms of biological
factors, such as activities of the nervous system, the effects of drugs and
hormones, genetics, and evolutionary pressures; Ex: How does brain
damage from drug abuse change nervous functioning?
- Blind observers - -Someone who records data without knowing the
researcher's predictions
- Carl Rogers - -Client-Centered Therapy; People receiving treatment are
referred to as clients rather than patients, reflecting their more equal
standing with the therapist and their more active role in the therapy
process.
- Case Study (Case History) - -A technique in which one person is
studied in depth to reveal underlying behavioral procedures
- Cataract - -A disorder in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy.
This disorder is treated by removing and replacing the actual lens with a
contact lens.
- Charles Darwin - -Founder of the theories of Evolution and Natural
Selection; wrote The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man
- Clinical Psychology - -Specialists in understandings and helping people
with psychological problems
- Cognitive Psychology - -A specialist who studies the processes of
thought and knowledge; Ex: What do experts in a field know or do that
sets them apart from others?
- Color Blindness - -The inability to distinguish two or more shades in
the color spectrum
- Conception - -A single sperm cell (male) penetrates the outer coating
of the egg (female) and fuses to form one fertilized cell
- Concrete Operational Stage - -• 7 to 11 years old; Concepts attached
to concrete situations; Time, space, and quantity are understood and can
be applied, but not as independent concepts
