Endocrine NCLEX questions
. A client has been diagnosed with goiter. The nurse looks for
documentation of which of the following in the client's medical record?
a) decreased wound healing
b) chronic fatigue
c) enlarged thyroid gland
d) heart damage - -6) C
- An enlarged thyroid gland occurs in goiter. Decreased wound healing,
chronic fatigue, and heart damage are not specifically associated with this
condition.
- . The nurse assessing a female client with Cushing's syndrome would
expect to note which of the following?
a) hirsutism
b) hypotension
c) hypoglycemia
d) pallor - -1) A
- An increased production of androgens that accompanies a rise in cortisol
levels with Cushing's syndrome produces hirsutism and acne in women.
Other clinical findings of Cushing's syndrome include hypertension caused
by sodium retention, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus
caused by cortisol's anti-insulin effect and ability to enhance
gluconeogenesis, and skin changes including bruising and purplish red
striae caused by protein catabolism.
- 1. An agitated, confused female client arrives in the emergency
department. Her history includes type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache,
and intense hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and
the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery,
nurse Lily teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting:
a. 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate.
b. 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.
c. 18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate.
d. 25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate. - -B.
To reverse hypoglycemia, the American Diabetes Association recommends
ingesting 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate, such as three to five pieces
of hard candy, two to three packets of sugar (4 to 6 tsp), or 4 oz of fruit
juice. If necessary, this treatment can be repeated in 15 minutes.
Ingesting only 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate may not raise the blood
glucose level sufficiently. Ingesting more than 15 g may raise it above
normal, causing hyperglycemia.
, - 10. A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a highly elevated
glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the
client, nurse Sharmaine would be most accurate in stating:
a. "The test needs to be repeated following a 12-hour fast."
b. "It looks like you aren't following the prescribed diabetic diet."
c. "It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months."
d. "Your insulin regimen needs to be altered significantly." - -C.
The glycosylated Hb test provides an objective measure of glycemic
control over a 3-month period. The test helps identify trends or practices
that impair glycemic control, and it doesn't require a fasting period before
blood is drawn. The nurse can't conclude that the result occurs from poor
dietary management or inadequate insulin coverage.
- 10. A nurse provides dietary instructions to a client with a diagnosis of
hyperparathyroidism. Which statement by the client indicates the need for
further instructions?
a) I need to drink 3000 ml of fluid per day
b) I should drink cranberry juice daily
c) I should eat foods high in calcium
d) I should eat foods high in fiber - -10) C
- The client with hyperparathyroidism should consume at least 3000 mL of
fluid per day. Measures to prevent dehydration are necessary because
dehydration increases serum calcium levels and promotes the formation
of renal stones. Cranberry juice and prune juice help make the urine more
acidic. A high urinary acidity helps prevent renal stone formation because
calcium is more soluble in acidic urine than in alkaline urine. Clients
should be on a low-calcium, low-vitamin D diet. High-fiber foods are
important to prevent constipation and fecal impaction resulting from the
hypercalcemia that occurs with this disorder.
- 10. All of the following statements about Hashimoto's disease are true
except:
a. Many patients are entirely asymptomatic
b. Not all patients become hypothyroid
c. Most cases of obesity are attributable to Hashimoto's disease
d. Hypothyroidism may be subclinical - -10. C: Although weight gain may
be a symptom of Hashimoto's disease, the majority of obese people have
normal thyroid function; rarely is thyroid disorder the sole cause of
obesity. Other symptoms of Hashimoto's disease include fatigue, cold
intolerance, joint pain, myalgias, constipation, dry hair, skin and nails,
impaired fertility, slow heart rate, and depression.
- 10. All of the following statements about Hashimoto's disease are true
except:
a. Many patients are entirely asymptomatic
b. Not all patients become hypothyroid
c. Most cases of obesity are attributable to Hashimoto's disease
,d. Hypothyroidism may be subclinical - -10. C: Although weight gain may
be a symptom of Hashimoto's disease, the majority of obese people have
normal thyroid function; rarely is thyroid disorder the sole cause of
obesity. Other symptoms of Hashimoto's disease include fatigue, cold
intolerance, joint pain, myalgias, constipation, dry hair, skin and nails,
impaired fertility, slow heart rate, and depression.
- 11. Following a unilateral adrenalectomy, nurse Betty would assess for
hyperkalemia shown by which of the following?
a. Muscle weakness
b. Tremors
c. Diaphoresis
d. Constipation - -A.
Muscle weakness, bradycardia, nausea, diarrhea, and paresthesia of the
hands, feet, tongue, and face are findings associated with hyperkalemia,
which is transient and occurs from transient hypoaldosteronism when the
adenoma is removed. Tremors, diaphoresis, and constipation aren't seen
in hyperkalemia.
- 11. The most common benign tumor of the pituitary gland is a:
a. Glioma
b Prolactinoma
c. Carcinoid tumor
d. Islet cell tumor - -11. B: Prolactinomas can cause symptoms by
releasing excessive amounts of prolactin into the blood or mechanically by
pressing on surrounding tissues. In women, symptoms may include
menstrual irregularities and infertility; in men erectile dysfunction and
libido may be impaired.
- 12. Nurse Louie is developing a teaching plan for a male client
diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. The nurse should include information
about which hormone lacking in clients with diabetes insipidus?
a. antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
b. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
d. luteinizing hormone (LH). - -A.
ADH is the hormone clients with diabetes insipidus lack. The client's TSH,
FSH, and LH levels won't be affected.
- 12. Symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may include all
of the following except:
a. Pelvic pain
b. Acne, oily skin, and dandruff
c. Infertility
d. Weight Loss - -12. D: In addition to the above-mentioned symptoms,
PCOS may cause menstrual irregularities, thinning hair or male-pattern
baldness, thick skin or dark patches of skin and excessive hair growth on
the face, chest, abdomen, thumbs and toes.
, - 13. Early this morning, a female client had a subtotal thyroidectomy.
During evening rounds, nurse Tina assesses the client, who now has
nausea, a temperature of 105° F (40.5° C), tachycardia, and extreme
restlessness. What is the most likely cause of these signs?
a. Diabetic ketoacidosis
b. Thyroid crisis
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Tetany - -B.
Thyroid crisis usually occurs in the first 12 hours after thyroidectomy and
causes exaggerated signs of hyperthyroidism, such as high fever,
tachycardia, and extreme restlessness. Diabetic ketoacidosis is more likely
to produce polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia; hypoglycemia, to produce
weakness, tremors, profuse perspiration, and hunger. Tetany typically
causes uncontrollable muscle spasms, stridor, cyanosis, and possibly
asphyxia.
- 13. Women with PCOS are at increased risk for all of the following
except:
a. Pregnancy
b. Diabetes
c. Cardiovascular disease
d. Metabolic syndrome - -13. A: Women with PCOS produce excessive
amounts of androgens and do not release ova during ovulation, which
seriously compromises their ability to conceive. Although women with
PCOS can become pregnant, often by using assistive reproductive
technology, they are at increased risk for miscarriage.
- 14. All of the following organs may be affected by multiple endocrine
neoplasia type 1 except:
a. Parathyroid glands
b. Kidneys
c. Pancreas and Duodenum
d. Pituitary gland - -14. B: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, also
known as Werner's syndrome, is a heritable disorder that causes tumors in
endocrine glands and the duodenum. Although the tumors associated with
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 are generally benign, they can
produce symptoms chemically by releasing excessive amounts of
hormones or mechanically by pressing on adjacent tissue.
- 14. For a male client with hyperglycemia, which assessment finding
best supports a nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume?
a. Cool, clammy skin
b. Distended neck veins
c. Increased urine osmolarity
d. Decreased serum sodium level - -C.
In hyperglycemia, urine osmolarity (the measurement of dissolved
particles in the urine) increases as glucose particles move into the urine.
The client experiences glucosuria and polyuria, losing body fluids and
experiencing fluid volume deficit. Cool, clammy skin; distended neck
. A client has been diagnosed with goiter. The nurse looks for
documentation of which of the following in the client's medical record?
a) decreased wound healing
b) chronic fatigue
c) enlarged thyroid gland
d) heart damage - -6) C
- An enlarged thyroid gland occurs in goiter. Decreased wound healing,
chronic fatigue, and heart damage are not specifically associated with this
condition.
- . The nurse assessing a female client with Cushing's syndrome would
expect to note which of the following?
a) hirsutism
b) hypotension
c) hypoglycemia
d) pallor - -1) A
- An increased production of androgens that accompanies a rise in cortisol
levels with Cushing's syndrome produces hirsutism and acne in women.
Other clinical findings of Cushing's syndrome include hypertension caused
by sodium retention, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus
caused by cortisol's anti-insulin effect and ability to enhance
gluconeogenesis, and skin changes including bruising and purplish red
striae caused by protein catabolism.
- 1. An agitated, confused female client arrives in the emergency
department. Her history includes type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypertension,
and angina pectoris. Assessment reveals pallor, diaphoresis, headache,
and intense hunger. A stat blood glucose sample measures 42 mg/dl, and
the client is treated for an acute hypoglycemic reaction. After recovery,
nurse Lily teaches the client to treat hypoglycemia by ingesting:
a. 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate.
b. 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate.
c. 18 to 20 g of a simple carbohydrate.
d. 25 to 30 g of a simple carbohydrate. - -B.
To reverse hypoglycemia, the American Diabetes Association recommends
ingesting 10 to 15 g of a simple carbohydrate, such as three to five pieces
of hard candy, two to three packets of sugar (4 to 6 tsp), or 4 oz of fruit
juice. If necessary, this treatment can be repeated in 15 minutes.
Ingesting only 2 to 5 g of a simple carbohydrate may not raise the blood
glucose level sufficiently. Ingesting more than 15 g may raise it above
normal, causing hyperglycemia.
, - 10. A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has a highly elevated
glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb) test result. In discussing the result with the
client, nurse Sharmaine would be most accurate in stating:
a. "The test needs to be repeated following a 12-hour fast."
b. "It looks like you aren't following the prescribed diabetic diet."
c. "It tells us about your sugar control for the last 3 months."
d. "Your insulin regimen needs to be altered significantly." - -C.
The glycosylated Hb test provides an objective measure of glycemic
control over a 3-month period. The test helps identify trends or practices
that impair glycemic control, and it doesn't require a fasting period before
blood is drawn. The nurse can't conclude that the result occurs from poor
dietary management or inadequate insulin coverage.
- 10. A nurse provides dietary instructions to a client with a diagnosis of
hyperparathyroidism. Which statement by the client indicates the need for
further instructions?
a) I need to drink 3000 ml of fluid per day
b) I should drink cranberry juice daily
c) I should eat foods high in calcium
d) I should eat foods high in fiber - -10) C
- The client with hyperparathyroidism should consume at least 3000 mL of
fluid per day. Measures to prevent dehydration are necessary because
dehydration increases serum calcium levels and promotes the formation
of renal stones. Cranberry juice and prune juice help make the urine more
acidic. A high urinary acidity helps prevent renal stone formation because
calcium is more soluble in acidic urine than in alkaline urine. Clients
should be on a low-calcium, low-vitamin D diet. High-fiber foods are
important to prevent constipation and fecal impaction resulting from the
hypercalcemia that occurs with this disorder.
- 10. All of the following statements about Hashimoto's disease are true
except:
a. Many patients are entirely asymptomatic
b. Not all patients become hypothyroid
c. Most cases of obesity are attributable to Hashimoto's disease
d. Hypothyroidism may be subclinical - -10. C: Although weight gain may
be a symptom of Hashimoto's disease, the majority of obese people have
normal thyroid function; rarely is thyroid disorder the sole cause of
obesity. Other symptoms of Hashimoto's disease include fatigue, cold
intolerance, joint pain, myalgias, constipation, dry hair, skin and nails,
impaired fertility, slow heart rate, and depression.
- 10. All of the following statements about Hashimoto's disease are true
except:
a. Many patients are entirely asymptomatic
b. Not all patients become hypothyroid
c. Most cases of obesity are attributable to Hashimoto's disease
,d. Hypothyroidism may be subclinical - -10. C: Although weight gain may
be a symptom of Hashimoto's disease, the majority of obese people have
normal thyroid function; rarely is thyroid disorder the sole cause of
obesity. Other symptoms of Hashimoto's disease include fatigue, cold
intolerance, joint pain, myalgias, constipation, dry hair, skin and nails,
impaired fertility, slow heart rate, and depression.
- 11. Following a unilateral adrenalectomy, nurse Betty would assess for
hyperkalemia shown by which of the following?
a. Muscle weakness
b. Tremors
c. Diaphoresis
d. Constipation - -A.
Muscle weakness, bradycardia, nausea, diarrhea, and paresthesia of the
hands, feet, tongue, and face are findings associated with hyperkalemia,
which is transient and occurs from transient hypoaldosteronism when the
adenoma is removed. Tremors, diaphoresis, and constipation aren't seen
in hyperkalemia.
- 11. The most common benign tumor of the pituitary gland is a:
a. Glioma
b Prolactinoma
c. Carcinoid tumor
d. Islet cell tumor - -11. B: Prolactinomas can cause symptoms by
releasing excessive amounts of prolactin into the blood or mechanically by
pressing on surrounding tissues. In women, symptoms may include
menstrual irregularities and infertility; in men erectile dysfunction and
libido may be impaired.
- 12. Nurse Louie is developing a teaching plan for a male client
diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. The nurse should include information
about which hormone lacking in clients with diabetes insipidus?
a. antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
b. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
c. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
d. luteinizing hormone (LH). - -A.
ADH is the hormone clients with diabetes insipidus lack. The client's TSH,
FSH, and LH levels won't be affected.
- 12. Symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) may include all
of the following except:
a. Pelvic pain
b. Acne, oily skin, and dandruff
c. Infertility
d. Weight Loss - -12. D: In addition to the above-mentioned symptoms,
PCOS may cause menstrual irregularities, thinning hair or male-pattern
baldness, thick skin or dark patches of skin and excessive hair growth on
the face, chest, abdomen, thumbs and toes.
, - 13. Early this morning, a female client had a subtotal thyroidectomy.
During evening rounds, nurse Tina assesses the client, who now has
nausea, a temperature of 105° F (40.5° C), tachycardia, and extreme
restlessness. What is the most likely cause of these signs?
a. Diabetic ketoacidosis
b. Thyroid crisis
c. Hypoglycemia
d. Tetany - -B.
Thyroid crisis usually occurs in the first 12 hours after thyroidectomy and
causes exaggerated signs of hyperthyroidism, such as high fever,
tachycardia, and extreme restlessness. Diabetic ketoacidosis is more likely
to produce polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia; hypoglycemia, to produce
weakness, tremors, profuse perspiration, and hunger. Tetany typically
causes uncontrollable muscle spasms, stridor, cyanosis, and possibly
asphyxia.
- 13. Women with PCOS are at increased risk for all of the following
except:
a. Pregnancy
b. Diabetes
c. Cardiovascular disease
d. Metabolic syndrome - -13. A: Women with PCOS produce excessive
amounts of androgens and do not release ova during ovulation, which
seriously compromises their ability to conceive. Although women with
PCOS can become pregnant, often by using assistive reproductive
technology, they are at increased risk for miscarriage.
- 14. All of the following organs may be affected by multiple endocrine
neoplasia type 1 except:
a. Parathyroid glands
b. Kidneys
c. Pancreas and Duodenum
d. Pituitary gland - -14. B: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, also
known as Werner's syndrome, is a heritable disorder that causes tumors in
endocrine glands and the duodenum. Although the tumors associated with
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 are generally benign, they can
produce symptoms chemically by releasing excessive amounts of
hormones or mechanically by pressing on adjacent tissue.
- 14. For a male client with hyperglycemia, which assessment finding
best supports a nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume?
a. Cool, clammy skin
b. Distended neck veins
c. Increased urine osmolarity
d. Decreased serum sodium level - -C.
In hyperglycemia, urine osmolarity (the measurement of dissolved
particles in the urine) increases as glucose particles move into the urine.
The client experiences glucosuria and polyuria, losing body fluids and
experiencing fluid volume deficit. Cool, clammy skin; distended neck
