SPCE 630 EXAM WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS
Threats !to !internal !validity !include !- !(correct !answer) !-Testing, !maturation, !procedural !infidelity
Events !that !occur !during !the !experiment !but !that !are !not !related !to !planned !procedural !changes !
that !may !influence !the !outcomes. !- !(correct !answer) !-History
Changes !in !behavior !due !to !the !passage !of !time !- !(correct !answer) !-Maturation
Occurs !when !participants !need !to !respond !to !the !same !test !repeatedly !during !a !baseline !or !
probe !condition, !whcih !influences !responding !- !(correct !answer) !-Testing
Threats !related !to !the !measurement !system, !and !are !of !concern !because !of !repeated !
measurement !by !human !observers !who !may !make !errors !- !(correct !answer) !-Instrumentation
Inconsistent !implementation !of !the !experimental !condition !- !(correct !answer) !-Procedural !infidelity
The !loss !of !participant's !behavior !is !influenced !by !more !than !one !planned !intervention !during !the !
course !of !a !study !- !(correct !answer) !-Multiple !treatment !interference
A !type !of !data !instability !that !refers !to !a !repeated !and !predictable !pattern !in !the !data !series !
over !time !- !(correct !answer) !-cyclical !variability
Carryover !effects: !- !(correct !answer) !-
The !hypothesis !that !states !that !there !is !no !significant !difference !between !samples !is: !- !(correct !
answer) !-The !null !hypothesis
Amanda !is !an !RBT !at !an !ABA !clinic. !She !is !working !with !her !client, !Jerrell, !to !decrease !aggressive !
behaviors !(i.e., !biting !others). !She !has !collected !data !for !the !frequency !of !Jerrell's !bites !for !three !
weeks. !Calculate !the !mean, !median, !and !mode !of !the !following !data !set !(round !to !the !nearest !
whole !number):
Week !1: !22, !31, !20, !32, !32
Week !2: !7, !8, !13, !31, !17
, Week !3: !16, !5, !9, !12, !15 !- !(correct !answer) !-Mean != !18, !median !=16, !Mode !=31,32
Dr. !Jones !wanted !to !know !if !the !use !of !the !Good !Behavior !Game !decreased !rates !of !disruptive !
behaviors !in !an !elementary !school. !Dr. !Jones !collected !data !throughout !the !duration !of !the !
school !year !across !two !elementary !schools. !In !school !A, !all !k-6 !classrooms !used !the !Good !Behavior
!Game. !In !School !B, !no !classrooms !used !the !Good !Behavior !Game. !At !the !end !of !the !school !year, !
Dr. !Jones !shouted, !"Eureka! !The !Good !Behavior !Game !works," !when !in !fact !it !had !no !impact !on !
student !disruptive !behavior. !This !is !an !example !of: !- !(correct !answer) !-A !type !II !error
The !primary !purpose !of !the !method !section !is !to: !- !(correct !answer) !-Both !A !and !B
Detail !the !plan !of !study !being !proposed.
Provide !a !sufficiently !detailed !description !of !the !study !so !a !trained !researcher !can !implement !the !
study !as !intended !with !no !additional !guidance.
Which !of !the !following !is !true !about !single-case !research !design? !- !(correct !answer) !-Most !studies !
include !more !than !one !participant
These !graphs !demonstrate !which !of !the !following !- !(correct !answer) !-inter-subject !replication !with !
a !multiple !baseline !design !across !behaviors
These !data !show !(q10) !- !(correct !answer) !-A !change !in !variability
Which !of !the !following !is !a !limitation !of !using !statistical !significance !to !differentiate !between !
meaningful !and !trivial !change? !- !(correct !answer) !-The !rejection !of !the !null !hypothesis !is !more !
decisive !in !larger !sample !sizes.
Large !enough !sample !sizes !will !always !show !a !significant !difference !between !populations
Statistical !analysis !may !fail !to !reject !the !null !hypothesis !in !small !sample !sizes
Which !of !the !following !is !a !limitation !of !group !design? !- !(correct !answer) !-The !rejection !of !the !
null !hypothesis !is !more !decisive !in !larger !samples
Dr. !Lestremau !is !employed !in !a !large !urban !school !district !with !10 !elementary !schools. !She !wants !
to !evaluate !the !effects !and !feasibility !of !peer-mediated, !school-based, !discrete !trial !training !for !
teaching !multiplication !skills !to !six !students !with !autism !spectrum !disorder. !She !will !collect !on-
going !and !frequent !measurement !of !students' !fluency !with !multiplication !facts. !Dr. !Lestremau !is !
using: !- !(correct !answer) !-Single !case !research !design !methodology
Kacyn !is !a !BCBA !at !an !ABA !Center. !She !is !running !a !small !social !skills !group !with !6 !children !who !
have !autism !spectrum !disorder. !Kacyn !is !using !the !"Tough !Kids !Social !Skills !Curriculum." !The !goal !
of !the !social !skills !sessions !is !to !build !basic !social !entry !skills !(e.g., !making !eye !contact, !greetings, !
responding !to !name). !Prior !to !the !start !of !the !group, !Kacyn !collected !data !for !each !of !the !
participants. !Specifically, !she !asked !the !therapists !to !complete !the !BASC-2 !(a !rating !scale !that !
Threats !to !internal !validity !include !- !(correct !answer) !-Testing, !maturation, !procedural !infidelity
Events !that !occur !during !the !experiment !but !that !are !not !related !to !planned !procedural !changes !
that !may !influence !the !outcomes. !- !(correct !answer) !-History
Changes !in !behavior !due !to !the !passage !of !time !- !(correct !answer) !-Maturation
Occurs !when !participants !need !to !respond !to !the !same !test !repeatedly !during !a !baseline !or !
probe !condition, !whcih !influences !responding !- !(correct !answer) !-Testing
Threats !related !to !the !measurement !system, !and !are !of !concern !because !of !repeated !
measurement !by !human !observers !who !may !make !errors !- !(correct !answer) !-Instrumentation
Inconsistent !implementation !of !the !experimental !condition !- !(correct !answer) !-Procedural !infidelity
The !loss !of !participant's !behavior !is !influenced !by !more !than !one !planned !intervention !during !the !
course !of !a !study !- !(correct !answer) !-Multiple !treatment !interference
A !type !of !data !instability !that !refers !to !a !repeated !and !predictable !pattern !in !the !data !series !
over !time !- !(correct !answer) !-cyclical !variability
Carryover !effects: !- !(correct !answer) !-
The !hypothesis !that !states !that !there !is !no !significant !difference !between !samples !is: !- !(correct !
answer) !-The !null !hypothesis
Amanda !is !an !RBT !at !an !ABA !clinic. !She !is !working !with !her !client, !Jerrell, !to !decrease !aggressive !
behaviors !(i.e., !biting !others). !She !has !collected !data !for !the !frequency !of !Jerrell's !bites !for !three !
weeks. !Calculate !the !mean, !median, !and !mode !of !the !following !data !set !(round !to !the !nearest !
whole !number):
Week !1: !22, !31, !20, !32, !32
Week !2: !7, !8, !13, !31, !17
, Week !3: !16, !5, !9, !12, !15 !- !(correct !answer) !-Mean != !18, !median !=16, !Mode !=31,32
Dr. !Jones !wanted !to !know !if !the !use !of !the !Good !Behavior !Game !decreased !rates !of !disruptive !
behaviors !in !an !elementary !school. !Dr. !Jones !collected !data !throughout !the !duration !of !the !
school !year !across !two !elementary !schools. !In !school !A, !all !k-6 !classrooms !used !the !Good !Behavior
!Game. !In !School !B, !no !classrooms !used !the !Good !Behavior !Game. !At !the !end !of !the !school !year, !
Dr. !Jones !shouted, !"Eureka! !The !Good !Behavior !Game !works," !when !in !fact !it !had !no !impact !on !
student !disruptive !behavior. !This !is !an !example !of: !- !(correct !answer) !-A !type !II !error
The !primary !purpose !of !the !method !section !is !to: !- !(correct !answer) !-Both !A !and !B
Detail !the !plan !of !study !being !proposed.
Provide !a !sufficiently !detailed !description !of !the !study !so !a !trained !researcher !can !implement !the !
study !as !intended !with !no !additional !guidance.
Which !of !the !following !is !true !about !single-case !research !design? !- !(correct !answer) !-Most !studies !
include !more !than !one !participant
These !graphs !demonstrate !which !of !the !following !- !(correct !answer) !-inter-subject !replication !with !
a !multiple !baseline !design !across !behaviors
These !data !show !(q10) !- !(correct !answer) !-A !change !in !variability
Which !of !the !following !is !a !limitation !of !using !statistical !significance !to !differentiate !between !
meaningful !and !trivial !change? !- !(correct !answer) !-The !rejection !of !the !null !hypothesis !is !more !
decisive !in !larger !sample !sizes.
Large !enough !sample !sizes !will !always !show !a !significant !difference !between !populations
Statistical !analysis !may !fail !to !reject !the !null !hypothesis !in !small !sample !sizes
Which !of !the !following !is !a !limitation !of !group !design? !- !(correct !answer) !-The !rejection !of !the !
null !hypothesis !is !more !decisive !in !larger !samples
Dr. !Lestremau !is !employed !in !a !large !urban !school !district !with !10 !elementary !schools. !She !wants !
to !evaluate !the !effects !and !feasibility !of !peer-mediated, !school-based, !discrete !trial !training !for !
teaching !multiplication !skills !to !six !students !with !autism !spectrum !disorder. !She !will !collect !on-
going !and !frequent !measurement !of !students' !fluency !with !multiplication !facts. !Dr. !Lestremau !is !
using: !- !(correct !answer) !-Single !case !research !design !methodology
Kacyn !is !a !BCBA !at !an !ABA !Center. !She !is !running !a !small !social !skills !group !with !6 !children !who !
have !autism !spectrum !disorder. !Kacyn !is !using !the !"Tough !Kids !Social !Skills !Curriculum." !The !goal !
of !the !social !skills !sessions !is !to !build !basic !social !entry !skills !(e.g., !making !eye !contact, !greetings, !
responding !to !name). !Prior !to !the !start !of !the !group, !Kacyn !collected !data !for !each !of !the !
participants. !Specifically, !she !asked !the !therapists !to !complete !the !BASC-2 !(a !rating !scale !that !
