Multiple choice questions and answers
with page reference and extracts
from the study guide confirming the answers
, Behaviour modification Behaviour modification
attempts to change one’s conduct by positively
reinforcing appropriate behaviour with privileges and
negatively reinforcing negative behaviour by
withholding privileges or meting out punishment
Collective incapacitation. This form of incapacitation focuses on imposing the same sentences
everyone who has committed the same type of crime, regardless of the potential of the individu
pg133 who commit the offence
Research done by Cooper, et al (2008:157) indicated that 25% of their elderly
respondents reported being victims of psychological abuse either from caring staff
members or their own family,
pg61
pg142
There has been a gradual shift away from emphasis on the ideal retribution or punitive
punishment towards the rehabilitation and restoration approaches. The argument is that the
punitive system of punishment bears little success and thus there is a need for a change in
approaches and responses.
pg33
Victim precipitation – The idea that the victim’s behaviour might have been the spark or provocation
that ignited the subsequent offence and this precipitation might have played a role in crimes such as
murder, robbery, assault or rape
with page reference and extracts
from the study guide confirming the answers
, Behaviour modification Behaviour modification
attempts to change one’s conduct by positively
reinforcing appropriate behaviour with privileges and
negatively reinforcing negative behaviour by
withholding privileges or meting out punishment
Collective incapacitation. This form of incapacitation focuses on imposing the same sentences
everyone who has committed the same type of crime, regardless of the potential of the individu
pg133 who commit the offence
Research done by Cooper, et al (2008:157) indicated that 25% of their elderly
respondents reported being victims of psychological abuse either from caring staff
members or their own family,
pg61
pg142
There has been a gradual shift away from emphasis on the ideal retribution or punitive
punishment towards the rehabilitation and restoration approaches. The argument is that the
punitive system of punishment bears little success and thus there is a need for a change in
approaches and responses.
pg33
Victim precipitation – The idea that the victim’s behaviour might have been the spark or provocation
that ignited the subsequent offence and this precipitation might have played a role in crimes such as
murder, robbery, assault or rape
