Milady Chapter 12: Basics of Chemistry Questions and Answers

acidic solution o :# a solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral) alkaline solution o :# a solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral) alkalis o :# also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts alkanolamines o :# alkaline substance used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products alpha hydroxy acids o :# abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants ( mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin ammonia o :# colorless gas with pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen 2024/2025 2 | P a g e anion o :# an ion with a negative electrical charge atoms o :# the smallest chemical components ( often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element cation o :# an ion with a positive electrical charge chemical change o :# a change in the chemical composition or make up of a substance chemical properties o :# characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance chemistry o :# science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under different conditions combustion 2024/2025 3 | P a g e o :# rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light. compound molecules o :# also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions element o :# the simplest form of chemical matter; an element can not be broken down into a simpler substance without the loss of identity elemental molecule o :# molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions emulsifier o :# an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend emulsio