2024/2025 1|Page
ESP X-Zone Questions and Answers
Dilated CMO Finding on M-Mode:
o :# B-Notch
o (= due to increased LVEDP)
2D of post-cardiac transplant will show:
o :# enlarged LA and RA
HCM EF:
o :# 70-80%
Hemochromatosis (restrictive CMO) is excessive:
o :# iron
A CMO is a disease that affects:
o :# myocardium
HCMO has what kind of gradient:
o :# late peaking systolic gradient
Dilated CMO symptoms:
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o :# dyspnea
syncope
tachycardia
(NOT migraine headaches)
Moderate AS (what exceeds what):
o :# LV systolic pressure exceeds AO
Raphe is seen with:
o :# BAV
Raphe definition:
o :# a fused commissure line between 2 or 3 aortic leaflets in a typical BAV.
usually 86% are between the right and left AO leaflets
Severe TR results in:
o :# dilated IVC
RVVO
systolic murmur
(NOT PHTN)
, 2024/2025 3|Page
MR in patients with rheumatic MS is due to:
o :# LAE
(bc annulus stretches)
MS complications:
o :# possible PHTN
increased LAP
scarring of MV apparatus
(NOT dilated LV)
A common method for calculating MVA:
o :# doppler PHT
A pt has RVSP of 60 mmHg. One year later the RVSP is 30 mmHg. What happened to
this patient?
o :# RV infarction
Valve lesion with the highest Doppler peak velocity:
o :# MR
(usually 4-5 m/sec)
Ischemic Heart Disease risk factors:
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o :# sex (male v. female)
age
systemic HTN
smoking
(NOT PHTN)
epicardial fat associations:
o :# anterior echo-free space
a measure fo visceral fat
associated w/ CAD
(NOT posterior echo-free space)
a small pericardial effusion:
o :# less than 1 cm posteriorly only
cardiac tamponade causes:
o :# restrictive diastolic filling
LA thrombus seen in pts w/:
o :# MS (especially LAA)
ESP X-Zone Questions and Answers
Dilated CMO Finding on M-Mode:
o :# B-Notch
o (= due to increased LVEDP)
2D of post-cardiac transplant will show:
o :# enlarged LA and RA
HCM EF:
o :# 70-80%
Hemochromatosis (restrictive CMO) is excessive:
o :# iron
A CMO is a disease that affects:
o :# myocardium
HCMO has what kind of gradient:
o :# late peaking systolic gradient
Dilated CMO symptoms:
, 2024/2025 2|Page
o :# dyspnea
syncope
tachycardia
(NOT migraine headaches)
Moderate AS (what exceeds what):
o :# LV systolic pressure exceeds AO
Raphe is seen with:
o :# BAV
Raphe definition:
o :# a fused commissure line between 2 or 3 aortic leaflets in a typical BAV.
usually 86% are between the right and left AO leaflets
Severe TR results in:
o :# dilated IVC
RVVO
systolic murmur
(NOT PHTN)
, 2024/2025 3|Page
MR in patients with rheumatic MS is due to:
o :# LAE
(bc annulus stretches)
MS complications:
o :# possible PHTN
increased LAP
scarring of MV apparatus
(NOT dilated LV)
A common method for calculating MVA:
o :# doppler PHT
A pt has RVSP of 60 mmHg. One year later the RVSP is 30 mmHg. What happened to
this patient?
o :# RV infarction
Valve lesion with the highest Doppler peak velocity:
o :# MR
(usually 4-5 m/sec)
Ischemic Heart Disease risk factors:
, 2024/2025 4|Page
o :# sex (male v. female)
age
systemic HTN
smoking
(NOT PHTN)
epicardial fat associations:
o :# anterior echo-free space
a measure fo visceral fat
associated w/ CAD
(NOT posterior echo-free space)
a small pericardial effusion:
o :# less than 1 cm posteriorly only
cardiac tamponade causes:
o :# restrictive diastolic filling
LA thrombus seen in pts w/:
o :# MS (especially LAA)
