Intro to Sociology - Test 1 – 71
Questions and Answers
sociology - -the systematic study of human society
-sociological perspective - -the special point of view of sociology that sees
general patterns of society in the lives of particular people
-global perspective - -the study of the larger world and or society's place in
it
-theory - -a statement of how and why specific facts are relate
-theoretical approach - -a basic image of society that guides thinking and
research
-structural-functional approach - -a framework for building theory that sees
society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote
solidarity and stability
-social structure - -any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
-social functions - -the consequences of any social pattern for the operation
of society as a whole
-manifest functions - -the recognized and intended consequences of any
social pattern
-latent functions - -the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any
social pattern
-social dysfunction - -any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of
society
-social-conflict approach - -a framework for building theory that sees society
as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
-macro-level orientation - -a broad focus on social structures that shape
society as a whole
-micro-level orientation - -a close-up focus on a social interaction in specific
situations
, -symbolic-interaction approach - -a framework for building theory that sees
society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
-science - -a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic
observation
-empirical evidence - -information we can verify with our senses
-concept - -a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a
simplified form
-variable - -a concept whose value changes from case to case
-measurement - -a procedure for determining the value of a variable in a
specific case
-operationalize a variable - -specifying exactly what is to be measure before
assigning a value to a variable
-reliability - -consistency in measurement
-cause and effect - -a relationship in which change in one variable causes
change in another
-independent variable - -the variable that causes the change
-dependent variable - -the variable that changes
-correlation - -a relationship in which two (or more) variables change
together
-spurious correlation - -an apparent but false relationship between two (or
more) variables that is caused by some other variable
-objectivity - -personal neutrality in conducting research
-research method - -a systematic plan for doing research
-experiment - -a research method for investigating cause and effect under
highly controlled conditions
-hypothesis - -a statement of a possible relationship between two (or more)
variables
-Hawthorne effect - -a change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the
awareness of being studied
Questions and Answers
sociology - -the systematic study of human society
-sociological perspective - -the special point of view of sociology that sees
general patterns of society in the lives of particular people
-global perspective - -the study of the larger world and or society's place in
it
-theory - -a statement of how and why specific facts are relate
-theoretical approach - -a basic image of society that guides thinking and
research
-structural-functional approach - -a framework for building theory that sees
society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote
solidarity and stability
-social structure - -any relatively stable pattern of social behavior
-social functions - -the consequences of any social pattern for the operation
of society as a whole
-manifest functions - -the recognized and intended consequences of any
social pattern
-latent functions - -the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any
social pattern
-social dysfunction - -any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of
society
-social-conflict approach - -a framework for building theory that sees society
as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change
-macro-level orientation - -a broad focus on social structures that shape
society as a whole
-micro-level orientation - -a close-up focus on a social interaction in specific
situations
, -symbolic-interaction approach - -a framework for building theory that sees
society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals
-science - -a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic
observation
-empirical evidence - -information we can verify with our senses
-concept - -a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a
simplified form
-variable - -a concept whose value changes from case to case
-measurement - -a procedure for determining the value of a variable in a
specific case
-operationalize a variable - -specifying exactly what is to be measure before
assigning a value to a variable
-reliability - -consistency in measurement
-cause and effect - -a relationship in which change in one variable causes
change in another
-independent variable - -the variable that causes the change
-dependent variable - -the variable that changes
-correlation - -a relationship in which two (or more) variables change
together
-spurious correlation - -an apparent but false relationship between two (or
more) variables that is caused by some other variable
-objectivity - -personal neutrality in conducting research
-research method - -a systematic plan for doing research
-experiment - -a research method for investigating cause and effect under
highly controlled conditions
-hypothesis - -a statement of a possible relationship between two (or more)
variables
-Hawthorne effect - -a change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the
awareness of being studied
