COMD Exam 1 Chapter 1-3 questions with complete verified solutions 2024

Language a system of conventional spoken and written symbols used by people in a shared culture to communicate with one another Morphemes are the smallest unit of a language that carry meaning they are combined to create words Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More Referent the aspect of the world to which a word refers Example of Referent the specific feeling to which the words happy refers to Modularity A cognitive science theory about how the human mind is organized within the brain structures. It contends that the human brain contains a set of highly specific modules - or regions developed to process specific type of information Modules Regions of the brain development to process specific types of information Domain Specific Dedicated solely to a certain task. In the context of language development. Domain specific language processes are dedicated solely to the tasks of comprehending and producing language. Contrast domain general Inner Language Thoughts and ideas that an individual keeps to him or herself after they are formulated. Contrast written language Written Language Thoughts and ideas that an individual writes down after they are formulated. Contrast to inner language. Speech The neuromuscular process by which humans turn language into a sounds signal that is transmitted through the air to a receiver Articulation Manipulation of a breath of air by the oral articulator includes the jaw, tongue, teeth, and jaw so that it comes out as a series of speech sounds that are combined into words, phrases, and sentecnes Resonation the phase of speech that occurs after a breath of air has been respired and phonated when the air travels into and vibrates within the oral and nasal cavities Respiration The act of inspiring a breath of air into the lungs, expiring it from the lungs and allowing it to travel up through the trachea or windpipe before it is phonated. Phonation When a breath of air that has been respirated has travels over the vocal cores. audition The perception of sound including general auditory perception and speech perception. Acoustics study of sounds Coarticulation The overlapping phonemes during human speech Linguistic feedback the use of speech or vocalization to relay information to the sender about his or her message Nonlinguistic feedback the use of eye contact, facial expression, posture and proximity to relay information to the sender about his or her message. Paralinguistic feedback the use of pitch, loudness, posture, and eye contact. With infant-directed speech features include high overall pitch, exaggerated pitch contours and slower tempos than those of adult directed speech. content Synonymous the with semantics. The meaning of language. The word used and the meaning behind them. Contextualized Relying on the immediate context or setting to convey content. Decontextualized Not relying on the immediate context or setting to convey content Semanticity The species-specific aspect of language that allows people to represent decontextualized events (events that are not immediately present) Phonology The rules of language governing the sounds used to make syllables and words. Morphology the rules of language governing the internal organization of words Allophones The subtle variation of phonemes that occurs as result of contextual influence on how phonemes are produced in different words. Phonotactics How sounds are organized in words Syntax The rules of language governing the internal organization of sentences. One component of the language domain form Semantics Synonymous with content. The rules of language governing the meaning of individual words and word combinations. Pragmatics Synonymous with use. The rules of language governing how language is used in social purposes Universality The idea that all persons around the world have a cognitive infrastructure the they apply tot he task of learning language Species specificity When something pertains to only one species. Language is strictly a human capacity and thus is species specific Critical Period Also called sensitive period . The window of opportunity during which children develop language most rapidly and with most ease Semanticity The species-specific aspect of language that allows people to represent the world. In particular, it allows people to represent decontextualized events (events that are not immediately present) displacement The species-specific aspect of language that allows people to represent the world. In particular, it allows people to represent decontextualized events (events that are not immediately present) aribtary A property of human language, describes the notion that there is not relationship between referent and the language used to describe it. Productivity Dialects Regional or social variations of a language that differs from one another in terms of their pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. Dialects can evolve within specific geographic regions or sociocultural communities A type of language difference (rather than disorder) Example: African American Vernacular English Contrast accents Monolingualism Acquisition of only one languages contract bilingualism Code Switching When speakers who have more than one language in common alternate between the languages. Bilingual children may code switch to fill in lexicon or grammatical gaps for pragmatics effect or flow the social norms of their community