Rasmussen Pathophysiology MIDTERM
Exam LATEST UPDATE 2024-2025 WITH 170
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A
Define rickets - ANSWER>>a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency,
characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically
resulting in bow legs.
Define osteomalacia - ANSWER>>disease in adults that softens the bones, typically through
a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium
Define Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER>>its a chronic autoimmune disease where nerve
impulse are not properly transmitted to the muscle (droopy eyelids and mouth)
Define Scleroderma - ANSWER>>An autoimmune disease that involves thickening of the
skin, changes in blood vessels, muscles and internal organs (hardening of the skin)
Complication of bone fracture - ANSWER>>compartment syndrome, inadequate blood
supply, premature weight bearing, delayed union, malunion or nonunion
,function of mitochondria - ANSWER>>ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of
the cell
Rough ER - ANSWER>>That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER - ANSWER>>That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
Homeostasis - ANSWER>>A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the
regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Hypertrophy - ANSWER>>increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy - ANSWER>>the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or
failure; to waste away
Ischemia - ANSWER>>an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - ANSWER>>Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood
pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - ANSWER>>Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels
(pain)
, Epinephrine - ANSWER>>Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress. Also known as adrenaline.
Renin - ANSWER>>hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? - ANSWER>>-reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - ANSWER>>edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing),
hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration - ANSWER>>Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin
turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function, confusion,
and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia - ANSWER>>- muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
Exam LATEST UPDATE 2024-2025 WITH 170
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
ALREADY GRADED A
Define rickets - ANSWER>>a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency,
characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically
resulting in bow legs.
Define osteomalacia - ANSWER>>disease in adults that softens the bones, typically through
a deficiency of vitamin D or calcium
Define Myasthenia Gravis - ANSWER>>its a chronic autoimmune disease where nerve
impulse are not properly transmitted to the muscle (droopy eyelids and mouth)
Define Scleroderma - ANSWER>>An autoimmune disease that involves thickening of the
skin, changes in blood vessels, muscles and internal organs (hardening of the skin)
Complication of bone fracture - ANSWER>>compartment syndrome, inadequate blood
supply, premature weight bearing, delayed union, malunion or nonunion
,function of mitochondria - ANSWER>>ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of
the cell
Rough ER - ANSWER>>That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER - ANSWER>>That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
Homeostasis - ANSWER>>A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the
regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Hypertrophy - ANSWER>>increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy - ANSWER>>the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline or
failure; to waste away
Ischemia - ANSWER>>an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
S/S of Objective Data - ANSWER>>Any observations made by using your senses (pts. blood
pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data - ANSWER>>Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels
(pain)
, Epinephrine - ANSWER>>Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress. Also known as adrenaline.
Renin - ANSWER>>hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? - ANSWER>>-reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess - ANSWER>>edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing),
hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
Signs and symptoms of dehydration - ANSWER>>Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin
turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function, confusion,
and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia - ANSWER>>- muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff inflation)
- seizures
