SBAs and MCQs for the Final FRCA.pdf

True/False 1. Tissue oxygenation can be determined by: A. Gastric tonometry. B. Tissue oxygen electrodes. C. Functional MRI. D. Positron emission tomography. E. Ultraviolet spectroscopy. 2. The suggested cause for prothrombin complex concentrate’s thrombotic risk is its high content of: A. Calcium. B. Factor VII. C. Factor II. D. Factor X. E. Factor IX. 3. Which patient factors are associated with large-scale fl uid absorption during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)? A. Hypertension. B. Weight. C. Varicose veins. D. Hydration. E. Smoking. 4. Regarding laser surgery: A. The laser light which is absorbed by a tissue surface exerts the clinical eff ect. B. The light produced from a laser tube is polychromatic. C. Medical instruments used with lasers should have matted surfaces. D. Eyes should be taped closed with plastic tape during laser surgery. E. Pulsed dye laser uses light at a wavelength that targets red blood cells within blood vessels. 2 EXAM 1 | T/F QUESTIONS 5. Factors associated with an increased risk of diastolic heart failure are: A. Male gender. B. Renal disease. C. Well-controlled hypertension. D. Diabetes mellitus. E. Age more than 60. 6. Eff ects of lithium include: A. Increased norepinephrine uptake by post-synaptic membrane. B. Disruption of thyroid hormone homeostasis. C. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. D. Weight loss. E. Extrapyramidal side eff ects. 7. The following statements are true of lithium. A. It cannot cross the placenta. B. It mimics hypokalaemia in the heart. C. Its hyperexcitablility is due to sodium mimicry. D. It prolongs non-depolarizing but not depolarizing blockade. E. Management of its toxicity includes forced diuresis. 8. Which of the following is not a postulated mechanism of action of conjugated oestrogens in reducing bleeding in uraemia? A. Vasoconstriction. B. Increased von Willebrand factor. C. Increased factor VII. D. Increased factor XII. E. Increased antithrombin. 9. With regards to smoking, which of the following statements is true? A. There is an increase in the circulating catecholamine concentration due to smoking. B. Abstinence for more than 3 months decreases overall perioperative cardiovascular risk by 33 % . C. Sustained postoperative abstinence decreases long-term mortality after CABG. D. It increases airway reactivity and decrease in FEV 1 . E. It has minimal eff ects on wound healing. 10. For orally acting factor Xa inhibitors, which of the following statements is true? A. They reduce platelet function. B. Their eff ect can be monitored by PT. C. There is an increased bleeding risk compared to low molecular weight heparin. D. They are licensed for prevention of venous thromboembolism in hip but not knee arthroplasty. E. Regular monitoring of coagulation is required. EXAM 1 | T/F QUESTIONS 3 11. Regarding renal physiology: A. The osmotic gradient increases from the corticomedullary boundary to the tip of the medulla. B. The osmotic gradient disappears in diuresis. C. NaCl and urea are the major constituents of the osmotic gradient in the inner medulla. D. The inner medullary tip has osmolality greater than urine during antidiuresis. E. Sodium, potassium, and urea are major urinary solutes. 12. Risk factors increasing chances of stent thrombosis include: A. Diabetes. B. Renal impairment. C. Stent length <18 mm. D. Low ejection fraction. E. Young age. 13. Which of the following are not criteria for identifying pregnant women suff ering from H1N1 infection who may benefi t from intensive care? A. Dyspnoea with P aO 2 of 10 kPa. B. Infl uenza-related pneumonia. C. Confi rmed/suspected swine fl u. D. Severe acidosis with pH < 7.26. E. Progressive hypercapnia. 14. The sensation of dyspnoea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A. Is improved by opiates. B. Is improved in both aff ective and sensory dimensions by attention distraction. C. Is improved by bronchodilators, especially in reversible broncho-constriction. D. Is improved during exercise by inhaled furosemide via sympathetic mechanisms. E. Is relieved at rest by in-phase chest wall vibration. 15. Regarding cell salvage in obstetrics: A. There is a risk of amniotic fl uid embolism. B. Cell savers with leucocyte depletion fi lters signifi cantly reduce both amniotic fl uid and foetal red-cell levels in salvaged blood. C. Any risk of allo-immunization from foetal red cells in cell salvage is signifi cantly higher than a normal vaginal delivery. D. The use of one suction device is unsafe, and at least two are needed. E. Cell salvage in obstetrics is limited due to the high incidence of haemorrhage outside the operating theatre. 16. The new anaesthetic agent PFO713: A. Is similar to propofol, but with 2,6 optically active groups on the phenol ring. B. Is a GABAA agonist. C. Is soluble in water and does not produce pain on injection. D. Has slower onset of action and longer duration than propofol. E. Has been evaluated in humans only in the R , R form. 4 EXAM 1 | T/F QUESTIONS 17. Hypothermia can cause: A. Increased plasma viscosity. B. Increased platelet count. C. Hyperglycaemia. D. Reduced glomerular fi ltration rate. E. Arrhythmia. 18. Which of the following neuromuscular conditions is not associated with malignant hyperthermia? A. Duchene’s muscular dystrophy. B. King Denborough syndrome. C. Central core disease. D. Becker muscular dystrophy. E. Evans myopathy. 19. Complications of obstructive sleep apnoea are: A. Decrease in brain white matter. B. Failure of cerebral autoregulation. C. Dyslipidemia. D. Impaired glucose tolerance. E. Increased platelet aggregation. 20. Boundaries of the paravertebral space are: A. Superiorly by the angle of the ribs. B. Inferiorly by the crurae of the diaphragm. C. Anteriorly by the visceral pleura. D. Posteriorly by the costotransverse ligament and the posterior intercostal membrane. E. Laterally by the ligamentum fl avum. 21. The common ECG abnormalities associated with morbid obesity are: A. High voltage complexes. B. LV hypertrophy or strain. C. Prolonged QT/QTc. D. Inferolateral T-wave abnormalities. E. Right-axis deviation or RBBB with P pulmonale. 22. In obese patients, which of the following drugs need to be administered based on actual body weight? A. Weak or moderately lipophilic drugs. B. Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. C. Suxamethonium. D. Remifentanil. E. Induction agents. EXAM 1 | T/F QUESTIONS 5 23. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is impaired by: A. Supine position. B. Vasoconstrictors. C. Failure of lung collapse by a double lumen tube. D. Inhalational anaesthetic agents. E. Nitrates. 24. Endobronchial blockers are preferred: A. In tall patients. B. In patients already intubated. C. Where intubation is diffi cult. D. Where there is a need to avoid airway injury. E. Where lung resection is not required. 25. Regarding diff usion of gas, the rate of diff usion of a gas across a membrane is: A. Directly proportional to the surface area of the membrane. B. Inversely proportional to the partial pressure gradient. C. Directly proportional to thickness of the membrane. D. Directly proportional to the molecular weight of the gas. E. Inversely proportional to the density of the gas. 26. Which of the following statements are true for sickle cell anaemia? A. Cardiomegaly is usually due to anaemia. B. Eye changes include cataract. C. Penicillin can precipitate haemolysis. D. There is an increased incidence of TIAs. E. Homozygous (SS) sickle at P aO 2 of 6.5–8.0 kPa. 27. Activated charcoal is useful for which of these poisons? A. Digoxin. B. Lithium. C. Alcohol. D. Petroleum distillates. E. Acetaminophen. 28. Regarding gas fl ow: A. Critical fl ow of anaesthetic gas in an airway in L/min is the same as the numerical value of the diameter of the airway in mm. B. Turbulence in the circulatory system is often heard as a bruit. C. Smaller air passages have laminar fl ow due to the low speed of gas. D. In cyclical breathing, turbulent fl ow occurs during peak fl ow. E. Critical fl ow in humidifi ed, warm anaesthetic gas can be 10 % lower than in dry gas at 20 ° C. 6 EXAM 1 | T/F QUESTIONS 29. A man presents to accident and emergency (A&E) with ethylene glycol poisoning. The following are expected: A. Decreased anion gap. B. Increased osmolar gap. C. Type B lactic acidosis. D. Administration of enteral charcoal. E. Urate crystals in the urine. 30. Regarding albumin, which of the following statements are true? A. Albumin transports steroid hormones. B. Albumin has a positive charge. C. Low albumin in sepsis is predominantly due to sepsis-induced depression of synthesis. D. Replacement of albumin in nephrotic syndrome is not benefi cial. E. The only established contraindication for albumin use is allergy.