OB EXAM #2 (CHAPTERS 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20) Practice Questions and Answers

OB EXAM #2 (CHAPTERS 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20) Practice Questions and Answers Excessive weight gain may lead to which complications? - Answer️️ - •Macrosomia- big baby (ex. Gestational diabetes) •Cesarean birth •Low Apgar scores- 7-10 (good score) •Hypoglycemia •Overweight in children During a Dr. visit for a pregnant pt, what should be checked? - Answer️️ - check vital signs (esp. B/P!!), check weight, & urine test to detect any possible problems How much weight should the average women gain during the FIRST trimester?*IMPORTANT STAR! - Answer️️ -ATI: 1 to 2kg (2.2 to 4.4 lb.) should be a small amount bc of small fetal growth How much weight should the average women gain during the SECOND/THIRD trimester?*IMPORTANT, STAR! - Answer️️ -ATI: About 0.4kg (1 lb.) per week How do you find BMI? - Answer️️ -BMI (body mass index): wt./ht. ² Wt.: 51 kg, ht.: 1.57 m ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 26, 2024 6:09 AM 2 51/(1.57x1.57) = 20.7 What factors put women at risk for inadequate weight gain? - Answer️️ -- Young -Unmarried -Low income -Poorly educated -Poor general health -Smoking or substance abuse -Lack of prenatal care Low-birth-weight (LBW) infants: - Answer️️ -(LBW) infants < 2500 g Energy needs...? - Answer️️ --Body mass index (BMI) -Weight gain -Pattern of weight gain- how many lbs each trimester? -Hazards of restricting adequate weight gain -Excessive weight gain- usually happens in preeclampsia mom What trimester is a period for embryonic and fetal organ development? - Answer️️ -FIRST ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 26, 2024 6:09 AM 3 When is folic acid intake important? And WHY? - Answer️️ --Folic acid intake important in periconceptional period -Neural tube defects (e.g., Spina bifida) more common in infants of women with poor folic acid intake ______________ weight gain influences on fetus growth and development - Answer️️ -POOR How many cups of fluid should a pregnant women consume daily? - Answer️️ -8-10 cups fluid /day (I cup=240 ml) How much caffeine can a pregnant women have? Why? - Answer️️ -- Caffeine = No more than 200 mg ( 2-3 cups of coffee) /day >>> To reduce a risk of miscarriage or IUGR (intrauterus growth retardation) -more caffeine is related to preterm birth/ can cause muscle movement/contractions Carbohydrates - Answer️️ -Main source of energy as well as fiber What is the role of protein during pregnancy? - Answer️️ -Supplies needed amino acids for *growth of uterus and breast tissue* _______________ prevents maternal anemia - Answer️️ -IRON What is the role of fat during pregnancy? - Answer️️ -Promotes fetal fat deposits ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 26, 2024 6:09 AM 4 What are some foods that are rich in iron? - Answer️️ -Red meat, Pork, Poultry, Seafood, Beans, Dark green leafy vegetables, such as spinach Dried fruit, such as raisins and apricots. What improves the absorption of iron? What interferes with the absorption? When is it best absorbed? - Answer️️ --IMPROVES: Vitamin C (orange juice) -INTERFERES: milk & absorption *It is best absorbed on an empty stomach (between mealtime with Vit. C richen food What are some adverse effects of iron supplements? - Answer️️ --Stomach discomfort -Constipation (stool softener might be added to decrease this) -Black and tarry stool What are the fat soluble vitamins? - Answer️️ -A, D, E, K Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body tissues What are the water-soluble vitamins needed during pregnancy? - Answer️️ --folic acid= Due to the increase of RBC production -Vitamin C = Tissue formation with the absorption of iron Some women may need to take__________________ with well-balanced diet - Answer️️ -Multivitamin-multimineral supplements ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 26, 2024 6:09 AM 5 What is PICA? Who is it commonly seen in? - Answer️️ -*Eating nonfood like clay, dirt, and laundry starch* or excessive amount of food with low nutrition, ice, baking soda -Common to African American in rural with family history of pica What are some Adolescent pregnancy needs related to diet? - Answer️️ -- Diet is general issue with mechanical problem due to *growth of pelvic bone structure* -*Improve nutritional health of pregnant adolescents* by focusing on *knowledge and planning of meals* -Nutrition interventions and educational programs effective with adolescents -*Understanding factors *that create barriers to change in adolescent population What should be avoided during lactation? - Answer️️ -Smoking, alcohol intake, and excessive caffeine intake should be avoided during lactation (because they can be transferred through breast milk) Are nutrition needs during lactation similar or different t