Jersey College Nutrition Midterm Review Questions and Answers

Jersey College Nutrition Midterm Review Questions and Answers Nutrition - Answer️️ -the science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health influences Nutrients - Answer️️ -chemicals found in foods that are critical to human growth and function. Six groups of nutrients - Answer️️ -carbohydrates; fats and oils; proteins; vitamins; minerals; water Macronutrients - Answer️️ -nutrients that our body needs in relatively large amounts to support normal function and health. Carbs, fats, and proteins. Micronutrients - Answer️️ -nutrients needed in relatively small amounts to support normal health and body functions. Vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B&C. Vitamins ADKE - Answer️️ -organic compounds that assist us in regulating our body's processes. Minerals B&C - Answer️️ -inorganic substances that are not broken down during digestion and absorption and are not destroyed by heat or light. ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM JERSEY COLLEGE 2 EAR The Estimated Average Requirment - Answer️️ -the average daily intake level estimated to meet the needs of half the people in a certain group. Scientist use it to calculate the RDA RDA The Recommended Dietary Allowance - Answer️️ -the average daily intake level estimated to meet the needs of nearly all people in a certain group. Aim for this amount! AI The Adequate Intake - Answer️️ -average daily intake level assumed to be adequate. It is used when an EAR can not be determined. Aim for this amount if there is no RDA! UL The Tolerable Upper Intake Level - Answer️️ -the highest average daily intake level likely to pose no health risks. Do not exceed this amount on a daily basis. AMDR The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range - Answer️️ -the recommend range of carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake expressed as a percentage of total energy. healthful diet - Answer️️ -a diet that provides the proper combination of energy and nutrients and is adequate, moderate, balanced, and varied nutrient dense foods - Answer️️ -foods that provide the most nutrients for the least amount of energy. ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM JERSEY COLLEGE 3 nutrient density - Answer️️ -the relative amount of nutrients per amount of energy or number of Calories. Exchange system - Answer️️ -a diet planning tool in which exchanges, or portions, are organized according to the amount of carbs, protein, fat, and calories in each food. Dietary Guidelines for Americans - Answer️️ -a set of principles developed by the US Department of Agriculture and the US Department of Health and Human Services to assist Americans in designing a healthful diet and lifestyle. Updated approximately every 5 years. Healthy People 2020 - Answer️️ -Is a health promotion and disease prevention plan for the United States. Updated every 10 years. Digestion - Answer️️ -the process by which foods are broken down into their component molecules, either mechanically or chemically Absorption - Answer️️ -the physiological process by which molecules of food are taken from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulation. hunger - Answer️️ -physiological drive for food Satiety - Answer️️ -a physiological sensation of fullness ©SOPHIABENNET@2024/2025 Wednesday, August 21, 2024 12:13 PM JERSEY COLLEGE 4 Hormones - Answer️️ -a chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream by one of the many glands of the body, which acts as a regular of physiological processes at a site remote from the gland that secreted it. Peristalsis - Answer️️ -waves of squeezing and pushing contractions that move food in one direction through the length of the GI tract Chyme - Answer️️ -a semifluid mass consisting of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices. Appetite - Answer️️ -a psychological desire to consume specific foods Carbohydrates - Answer️️ -one of the three macronutrients, a compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen,