EDF 6225 Final Exam Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions Graded A 2024

conditioned punisher - A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more other punishers. unconditioned punisher - A stimulus that, usually, is punishing without any prior learning. conditioned reinforcer - a stimulus that has acquired reinforcing properties through prior learning Unconditioned Reinforcer - A stimulus that, usually, is reinforcing without any prior learning. Side effects of punishment - May lead to an increase in other undesirable behavior. Can lead to problems such as escape & avoidance, emotional outbursts, and behavioral contrast. Reinforcer - any event that strengthens the behavior it follows Punisher - A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of behavior that immediately precedes it. Hernstein's Matching Law - suggests that when different schedules of reinforcement are available at the same time for different behaviors, individuals will distribute their behavior according to the relative rates of reinforcement available for each option. antecedent, behavior, consequence - The three-term contingency is made of these three terms: antecedent - is the environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest. behavior - An organism's interaction with the environment. consequence - is anything immediately following a behavior in which we are interested. Makes the behavior more or less likely to happen in the future. Discriminative Stimulus (SD) - is the antecedent stimulus that has stimulus control over behavior because the behavior was reliably reinforced in the presence of that stimulus in the past. It signals the availability of a particular reinforcer for a particular behavior. Motivating Operation (MO) - influences the effectiveness of a reinforcer or punisher while also influencing the frequency of the specific behavior. Premack Principle - Some professionals will also refer to this technique as "First/Then", "If/Then", or "High Probability/Low Probability." Automatic Reinforcement - reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation of others. when a person's behavior creates a favorable outcome without the involvement of another person. Response - An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus. Is a single instance of behavior. respondent behavior - is defined as behavior that is elicited by antecedent stimuli. It is induced, or brought out, by a stimulus that precedes the behavior: nothing else is required for the response to occur. i.e. bright light in the eyes (antecedent stimulus) will elicit pupil contraction. operant behavior - Behavior that is selected, maintained, and brought under stimulus control as a function of its consequences.