Hesi A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Questions and Answers

Hesi A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Questions and Answers Abdominopelvic - Answer️️ -Cavity composed of the abdomen and pelvis Absorption - Answer️️ -Movement of nutrients from the digestive tube to the bloodstream Actin - Answer️️ -Protein making up the I Band of the sarcomere Amino Acid - Answer️️ -The building block of proteins Antibody - Answer️️ -Special proteins that protect the body from foreign substances ATP - Answer️️ -Abbreviation for Adenosine triphosphate, which is the energy of the cell. In muscles, this energy causes filaments to slide together to produce contraction. Atria - Answer️️ -Upper chambers of the heart; receives blood Blood - Answer️️ -Consists of approximately 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets). Serves to transport oxygen and nutrients to body cells and to carry away carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes Plasma - Answer️️ -Contains about 10% proteins, ions, nutrients, waste products, and hormones, which are dissolved or suspended in water. ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 19, 2024 12:35 AM Page 2 of 7 Formed Element - Answer️️ -Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets; produced from stem cells in red bone marrow. Tricuspid Valve - Answer️️ -Valve on the right side of the heart between the atrium and ventricle Bicuspid Valve - Answer️️ -Valve on the left side of the heart between the atrium and ventricle Semilunar Valve - Answer️️ -Found at the entrances of the pulmonary trunk and the aorta. Sinoatrial Node - Answer️️ -Initiates the heart's intrinsic beat Electrocardiogram - Answer️️ -Measurement of the wave of electrical activity within the heart Systole - Answer️️ -Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle Diastole - Answer️️ -Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle Muscle Contraction - Answer️️ -Results in the sliding together of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle cell or fiber Mitosis - Answer️️ -Necessary for growth and repair. The DNA is duplicated and distributed to 2 daughter cells. Meiosis - Answer️️ -Special cell division that takes place in the gonads. Chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23 so wen the egg and the sperm unite in fertilization the zygote will have the correct number of chromosomes. ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Monday, August 19, 2024 12:35 AM Page 3 of 7 Skin - Answer️️ -The largest organ in the body. Consists of the epidermis and the dermis. Epidermis - Answer️️ -Outer, most protective layer of dead keratinized epithelial cells. Contain Melanin. Stratum corneum - stratum lucidum - stratum granulosum - stratum germinativum (outer layer to inner). Dermis - Answer️️ -Underlying layer composed of fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels, nerve endings, and the associated skin structures (hair follicles/glands) Melanin - Answer️️ -Protein pigment that protects against radiation from the sun Eccrine Gland - Answer️️ -Most widely distributed sweat glands that regulate body temperature by releasing a wate