©SOPHIABENNETT@2024-2025 Monday, August 19, 2024 12:35 AM
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
Study Guide with Complete Solutions
Anatomic Position - Answer✔️✔️-The body is erect, the feet are slightly
apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward.
Superior - Answer✔️✔️-Above
Inferior - Answer✔️✔️-Below
Anterior - Answer✔️✔️-Facing forward
Posterior - Answer✔️✔️-Toward the back
Medial - Answer✔️✔️-Toward the midline
Lateral - Answer✔️✔️-Away from the midline; towards the side
Proximal - Answer✔️✔️-closer to point of attachment
Distal - Answer✔️✔️-Farther away from point of attachment
Histology - Answer✔️✔️-Study of tissues
Epithelial cells - Answer✔️✔️-Cover, line, and protect the body and its
internal organs
Connective tissue - Answer✔️✔️-Framework of the body, providing support
and structure for the organs; Types of Connective Tissue: Cartilage,
Adipose, and Smooth
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,©SOPHIABENNETT@2024-2025 Monday, August 19, 2024 12:35 AM
Nerve Tissue - Answer✔️✔️-Composed of neurons
Tissue - Answer✔️✔️-Group of cells that act together to perform specific
functions
Neuroglia - Answer✔️✔️-Neurons and connective tissue cells that make of
nerve tissue
Muscle Tissue - Answer✔️✔️--Classified as voluntary muscle (skeletal
muscle) or involuntary muscle (smooth and cardiac muscle tissue)
-Have the ability to contract or shorten
Cell - Answer✔️✔️-Basic unit of life and the building blocks of tissues and
organs
Nucleus - Answer✔️✔️-Contains DNA
Ribosomes - Answer✔️✔️--Synthesis of proteins
-Proteins include the enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within
the body
Mitosis - Answer✔️✔️--Necessary for growth and repair
-DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly to two daughter cells
Meiosis - Answer✔️✔️--Cell division that takes place in the gonads (ovaries
and testes);
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, ©SOPHIABENNETT@2024-2025 Monday, August 19, 2024 12:35 AM
-Chromosome number reduced from 46 to 23 so when the egg and the
sperm unite in fertilization, the zygote will have correct number of
chromosomes
Skin - Answer✔️✔️--Largest organ in the body
-Epidermis (outermost); Dermis (underlying)
Epidermis - Answer✔️✔️-Outermost protective layer made of dead,
keratinized epithelial cells
Dermis - Answer✔️✔️--Underlying layer of connective tissue with blood
vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, glands, and the associated skin
structures
-rests on subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin to the superficial
muscles
Layers of Epidermis (Outer to Inner) - Answer✔️✔️-*(C)ome (L)et's (G)et
(S)un (B)urned!*
1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum Lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum germinativum (stratum basale and stratum spinosum) This is
where mitosis occurs
Melanin - Answer✔️✔️-Epidermal cells contain this which protects against
radiation from the sun
Page 3 of 19
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology
Study Guide with Complete Solutions
Anatomic Position - Answer✔️✔️-The body is erect, the feet are slightly
apart, the head is held high, and the palms of the hands are facing forward.
Superior - Answer✔️✔️-Above
Inferior - Answer✔️✔️-Below
Anterior - Answer✔️✔️-Facing forward
Posterior - Answer✔️✔️-Toward the back
Medial - Answer✔️✔️-Toward the midline
Lateral - Answer✔️✔️-Away from the midline; towards the side
Proximal - Answer✔️✔️-closer to point of attachment
Distal - Answer✔️✔️-Farther away from point of attachment
Histology - Answer✔️✔️-Study of tissues
Epithelial cells - Answer✔️✔️-Cover, line, and protect the body and its
internal organs
Connective tissue - Answer✔️✔️-Framework of the body, providing support
and structure for the organs; Types of Connective Tissue: Cartilage,
Adipose, and Smooth
Page 1 of 19
,©SOPHIABENNETT@2024-2025 Monday, August 19, 2024 12:35 AM
Nerve Tissue - Answer✔️✔️-Composed of neurons
Tissue - Answer✔️✔️-Group of cells that act together to perform specific
functions
Neuroglia - Answer✔️✔️-Neurons and connective tissue cells that make of
nerve tissue
Muscle Tissue - Answer✔️✔️--Classified as voluntary muscle (skeletal
muscle) or involuntary muscle (smooth and cardiac muscle tissue)
-Have the ability to contract or shorten
Cell - Answer✔️✔️-Basic unit of life and the building blocks of tissues and
organs
Nucleus - Answer✔️✔️-Contains DNA
Ribosomes - Answer✔️✔️--Synthesis of proteins
-Proteins include the enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within
the body
Mitosis - Answer✔️✔️--Necessary for growth and repair
-DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly to two daughter cells
Meiosis - Answer✔️✔️--Cell division that takes place in the gonads (ovaries
and testes);
Page 2 of 19
, ©SOPHIABENNETT@2024-2025 Monday, August 19, 2024 12:35 AM
-Chromosome number reduced from 46 to 23 so when the egg and the
sperm unite in fertilization, the zygote will have correct number of
chromosomes
Skin - Answer✔️✔️--Largest organ in the body
-Epidermis (outermost); Dermis (underlying)
Epidermis - Answer✔️✔️-Outermost protective layer made of dead,
keratinized epithelial cells
Dermis - Answer✔️✔️--Underlying layer of connective tissue with blood
vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, glands, and the associated skin
structures
-rests on subcutaneous tissue that connects the skin to the superficial
muscles
Layers of Epidermis (Outer to Inner) - Answer✔️✔️-*(C)ome (L)et's (G)et
(S)un (B)urned!*
1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum Lucidum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum germinativum (stratum basale and stratum spinosum) This is
where mitosis occurs
Melanin - Answer✔️✔️-Epidermal cells contain this which protects against
radiation from the sun
Page 3 of 19
