TEAS 7 Chemistry: Physical Properties, States of Matter, and Water,
Teas 7 Chemistry, TEAS 7 (Chemistry Solution Guide), Teas 7 chemistry
Exam, ATI TEAS 7: CHEMISTRY Guide Fall 2024.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
- Theory that all matter is composed of particles (atoms and molecules)
moving constantly in random directions.
Molecule motion changes as is heat added or removed.
What does the phase of a substance depend on?
- 1. Temperature
2. Pressure
Mass
- Amount of matter in an object, the number of molecules
Volume
- Amount of space occupied by a specific number of molecules
3 states of matter
- 1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
Solid
- 1. Fixed shape and volume
2. High pressure
3. Low temperature
4. High atomic attraction
Liquid
- 1. Fixed volume but changing shape (takes shape of container)
2. High pressure
3. Higher temperature
4. Weaker physical bonding
Gas
- 1. Changing volume and shape
2. Low pressure
3. Higher temperature
4. Weaker atomic attraction
Phase change
,- Change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change
in chemical composition.
Involves adding or removing heat.
Exothermic reaction
- A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction
- A reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat
2 external factors that affect matter state
- 1. Temperature
2. Pressure
Vaporization
- Liquid --> Gas
Spontaneous phase change
Adding heat = endothermic reaction
Evaporation
- Liquid --> Gas
Phase transition
Adding heat
Happens at boiling point and depends on atmospheric pressure
Condensation
- Gas --> Liquid
Phase change
Removing heat = exothermic reaction
Freezing
- Liquid --> solid
Phase change
Removing heat = exothermic reaction
Sublimation
- Solid --> gas
Skips over liquid phase
Phase change
Adding heat = endothermic
Sublimation = solid skips phase.
Deposition
- Gas --> solid
,Phase change
Removing heat = exothermic reaction
Physical properties of matter
- Characteristics of matter that can be observed without changing the
substance into something else: color, shape, hardness, mass, volume, density
Most important for the TEAS
Extensive physical properties
- Properties that do depend on the amount of matter present
1. Mass
2. Volume
3. Heat Capacity
Intensive physical properties
- Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present
1. Boiling Point
2. Melting Point
3. Density
4. Molarity
Chemical properties of matter
- Characteristics of matter that can be observed when a substance interacts
with another substance to change composition and identity.
How a substance can change or not change based on interaction like burning
and rusting
Melting
- Solid --> Liquid
Phase change
Heat added = endothermic
Melting point
- The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Boiling point
- The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas (vapor).
The boiling point of water at sea level is 100°C (212°F).
Depends on pressure.
Molecular motion
- The motion of atoms in an object
Affected by the temperature
, Gasses have the most amount of molecular motion; solids have the least
amount of molecular motion.
Molecular motion increases as heat is added.
Crystalline Solid
- A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a
regular, repeating pattern
Density
- Mass/volume
"Mass divided by volume"
How compact a substance is
Memorize this formula for the TEAS. You might need to calculate the
density in a question.
Triple Point
- The temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and
gaseous phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium
Critical Point
- The point on a phase diagram at which the liquid and gas phases of a
substance have the same density, and are therefore indistinguishable.
Dependent on temperature and pressure for gas and liquid states of a
substance to coexist.
List the important general properties of water for the TEAS.
- 1. Water is tasteless, odorless, and colorless/transparent.
2. Water can dissolve almost any solid, liquid, or gas, earning it the term
universal solvent.
3. Water's polar bonds create high surface tension and cohesion.
List the important chemical properties of water.
- 1. Water has polar covalent bonds (oxygen has negative charge; hydrogen
has positive charge).
2. Water has a neutral pH of 7.
3. Water has a high specific heat capacity and high heat of vaporization.
4. Water has a maximum density at 4 degrees Celsius, which is about 39
degrees Fahrenheit.
5. Water's triple point is near absolute zero (273.1 degrees K), where it exists
as a solid, liquid, and a gas all at once.
Why is water's high specific heat capacity important?
Teas 7 Chemistry, TEAS 7 (Chemistry Solution Guide), Teas 7 chemistry
Exam, ATI TEAS 7: CHEMISTRY Guide Fall 2024.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
- Theory that all matter is composed of particles (atoms and molecules)
moving constantly in random directions.
Molecule motion changes as is heat added or removed.
What does the phase of a substance depend on?
- 1. Temperature
2. Pressure
Mass
- Amount of matter in an object, the number of molecules
Volume
- Amount of space occupied by a specific number of molecules
3 states of matter
- 1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
Solid
- 1. Fixed shape and volume
2. High pressure
3. Low temperature
4. High atomic attraction
Liquid
- 1. Fixed volume but changing shape (takes shape of container)
2. High pressure
3. Higher temperature
4. Weaker physical bonding
Gas
- 1. Changing volume and shape
2. Low pressure
3. Higher temperature
4. Weaker atomic attraction
Phase change
,- Change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change
in chemical composition.
Involves adding or removing heat.
Exothermic reaction
- A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat
Endothermic reaction
- A reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat
2 external factors that affect matter state
- 1. Temperature
2. Pressure
Vaporization
- Liquid --> Gas
Spontaneous phase change
Adding heat = endothermic reaction
Evaporation
- Liquid --> Gas
Phase transition
Adding heat
Happens at boiling point and depends on atmospheric pressure
Condensation
- Gas --> Liquid
Phase change
Removing heat = exothermic reaction
Freezing
- Liquid --> solid
Phase change
Removing heat = exothermic reaction
Sublimation
- Solid --> gas
Skips over liquid phase
Phase change
Adding heat = endothermic
Sublimation = solid skips phase.
Deposition
- Gas --> solid
,Phase change
Removing heat = exothermic reaction
Physical properties of matter
- Characteristics of matter that can be observed without changing the
substance into something else: color, shape, hardness, mass, volume, density
Most important for the TEAS
Extensive physical properties
- Properties that do depend on the amount of matter present
1. Mass
2. Volume
3. Heat Capacity
Intensive physical properties
- Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present
1. Boiling Point
2. Melting Point
3. Density
4. Molarity
Chemical properties of matter
- Characteristics of matter that can be observed when a substance interacts
with another substance to change composition and identity.
How a substance can change or not change based on interaction like burning
and rusting
Melting
- Solid --> Liquid
Phase change
Heat added = endothermic
Melting point
- The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
Boiling point
- The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas (vapor).
The boiling point of water at sea level is 100°C (212°F).
Depends on pressure.
Molecular motion
- The motion of atoms in an object
Affected by the temperature
, Gasses have the most amount of molecular motion; solids have the least
amount of molecular motion.
Molecular motion increases as heat is added.
Crystalline Solid
- A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a
regular, repeating pattern
Density
- Mass/volume
"Mass divided by volume"
How compact a substance is
Memorize this formula for the TEAS. You might need to calculate the
density in a question.
Triple Point
- The temperature and pressure conditions at which the solid, liquid, and
gaseous phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium
Critical Point
- The point on a phase diagram at which the liquid and gas phases of a
substance have the same density, and are therefore indistinguishable.
Dependent on temperature and pressure for gas and liquid states of a
substance to coexist.
List the important general properties of water for the TEAS.
- 1. Water is tasteless, odorless, and colorless/transparent.
2. Water can dissolve almost any solid, liquid, or gas, earning it the term
universal solvent.
3. Water's polar bonds create high surface tension and cohesion.
List the important chemical properties of water.
- 1. Water has polar covalent bonds (oxygen has negative charge; hydrogen
has positive charge).
2. Water has a neutral pH of 7.
3. Water has a high specific heat capacity and high heat of vaporization.
4. Water has a maximum density at 4 degrees Celsius, which is about 39
degrees Fahrenheit.
5. Water's triple point is near absolute zero (273.1 degrees K), where it exists
as a solid, liquid, and a gas all at once.
Why is water's high specific heat capacity important?
