NCC Board Review NNP-BC -Solved
5 T's of Cyanotic Heart Disease - ANSWER-TOF (VSD, pulmonic stenosis, overriding
aorta, R. Ventricle hypertrophy)
Transposition of Great Vessels (shows thin mediastinum on CXR ("egg on string"))
Snow storm CXR? -lots of fluid, total anomalous venous return
DiGeorge is associated with? Truncus arteriosis.
Tricuspid Atresia
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - ANSWER-Stimulates adrenal cortex to release
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Active transport - ANSWER-Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference (requires ATP)
Acyanotic Heart Defects - ANSWER-ASD, VSD (most common), PDA, AV canal
(endocardial cushion defect, common in Tri21)
L-R shunt
Cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary markings
CHF when PVR drops (4-8wks)
Adenosine - ANSWER-Decreases AV node conduction for SVT, short half life
ADH (arginine vasopressin) - ANSWER-Retains water when cell balance off - can lead
to SIADH
DI -insensitivity to ADH (increased Na, hypotonic urine, hypertonic serum, increased
Ca, decreased K)
ADH (vasopressin) - ANSWER-Increases collecting duct's permeability to water to
increase water reabsorption, improves BP
Secreted from posterior pituitary with high [solute] in the blood
ADME - ANSWER-absorption: how drug gets to bloodstream
distribution: delivery from blood to site of action
metabolism: body's utilization of drug
excretion: removal of drug (clearance)
adrenal cortex - ANSWER-outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol,
aldosterone, and sex hormones
,Adrenal insufficiency - ANSWER-transient in ELBW infants related to hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal immaturity, decreased cortisol level and doesn't increase during stress-
can be suppressed due to BMZ
Low cortisol <15
Associated with BPD
Adrenal Medulla - ANSWER-epinephrine and norepinephrine
AKI - ANSWER-Acute kidney injury, decline in GFR and elevated serum creatinine --
impairment of nitrogenous waste removal
Developmental immaturity, hemodynamic changes, hypovolemia, asphyxia is most
common cause**
S/S: hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hyperphos
Albuterol - ANSWER-Relaxes bronchioles and smooth muscle relaxation,
bronchodilaton acting on B2 receptors
Aldactone
Chlorathiazide
HCTZ - ANSWER-K sparing diuretic
Non calcium wasting diuretic
Sodium resorption in distal tubules
Aldosterone - ANSWER-Regulates fluids and electrolytes, stimulates resorption of
sodium and water in the distal collecting tubules, inhibits potassium secretion, maintains
BP, IV volume, CV function
Amphotericin B - ANSWER-Antifungal for candida sepsis
Ampicillin - ANSWER-A penicillin that is effective against gram-negative and gram-
positive bacteria
ANC - ANSWER-1500-8000
<1500- neutropenic
Anemia of Prematurity - ANSWER-Physiologic, falls to nadir at 6-8 weeks, until
reticulocytosis starts following hypoxic stimulus
Trx: erythropoietin, iron supplementation, avoid blood draws, transfusion
Anion Gap - ANSWER-Increased: Lactic acidosis, ARF, IEM
Low ionic gap: rare
metabolic acidosis with nl AG: renal, GI losses, HAL, meds
Antibiotic length of therapy - ANSWER-BC +: 7-10 days
UTI: 10 days
Pneumonia: 10 days
, Meningitis: 14-21 days
Antivirals - ANSWER-HSV, Varicella, HIV, Herpes
Acyclovir, AZT/Zidovudine
APGAR Scores - ANSWER--Activity [muscle tension]
-Pulse [HR 110-160]
-Grimace
-Appearance; Color = Pink, acrocyanosis [hand and feet blue]
-Respiratory Rate [30-60]
ARF and FeNA - ANSWER-< 1% = normal
1-2.5% = prerenal cause
>3% = intrinsic renal failure
Arginine - ANSWER-Corrects severe hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
Arnold-Chiari malformation - ANSWER-Displacement of medulla, cerebellum and 4th
ventricle into cervical canal, impaired CSF flow, diagnosed by CT
ASD treatment - ANSWER-Treat CHF, surgical closure if severe (BF LA- RA- RV- Pulm
artery- lungs)
Autosomal dominant - ANSWER-Requires one gene to inherit and be "present" (OI,
PKD, Beckwith-Weidmann, neurofibromatosis)
autosomal recessive - ANSWER-two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in
order for the disease or trait to develop (PKU, CF, Sickle Cell, Oculutaneous albinism)
Ballard Exam - ANSWER-for gestational age
assessment of passive flexor tone via
- passive flexion
- resistance to passive flexion
- angles of recoil
physical assessment
- skin texture
- lanugo
- plantar surfaces creases (appear from 28 weeks-term)
- breast
- ear/eyes (eyes fuse @ 23 weeks, open btwn 26-28 weeks)
- genitals
Barlow maneuver - ANSWER-newborn hip evaluation - adduction of hip - evaluates for
congenital dislocation, dislocates head of femur
5 T's of Cyanotic Heart Disease - ANSWER-TOF (VSD, pulmonic stenosis, overriding
aorta, R. Ventricle hypertrophy)
Transposition of Great Vessels (shows thin mediastinum on CXR ("egg on string"))
Snow storm CXR? -lots of fluid, total anomalous venous return
DiGeorge is associated with? Truncus arteriosis.
Tricuspid Atresia
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) - ANSWER-Stimulates adrenal cortex to release
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Active transport - ANSWER-Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference (requires ATP)
Acyanotic Heart Defects - ANSWER-ASD, VSD (most common), PDA, AV canal
(endocardial cushion defect, common in Tri21)
L-R shunt
Cardiomegaly, increased pulmonary markings
CHF when PVR drops (4-8wks)
Adenosine - ANSWER-Decreases AV node conduction for SVT, short half life
ADH (arginine vasopressin) - ANSWER-Retains water when cell balance off - can lead
to SIADH
DI -insensitivity to ADH (increased Na, hypotonic urine, hypertonic serum, increased
Ca, decreased K)
ADH (vasopressin) - ANSWER-Increases collecting duct's permeability to water to
increase water reabsorption, improves BP
Secreted from posterior pituitary with high [solute] in the blood
ADME - ANSWER-absorption: how drug gets to bloodstream
distribution: delivery from blood to site of action
metabolism: body's utilization of drug
excretion: removal of drug (clearance)
adrenal cortex - ANSWER-outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol,
aldosterone, and sex hormones
,Adrenal insufficiency - ANSWER-transient in ELBW infants related to hypothalamic-
pituitary-adrenal immaturity, decreased cortisol level and doesn't increase during stress-
can be suppressed due to BMZ
Low cortisol <15
Associated with BPD
Adrenal Medulla - ANSWER-epinephrine and norepinephrine
AKI - ANSWER-Acute kidney injury, decline in GFR and elevated serum creatinine --
impairment of nitrogenous waste removal
Developmental immaturity, hemodynamic changes, hypovolemia, asphyxia is most
common cause**
S/S: hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hyperphos
Albuterol - ANSWER-Relaxes bronchioles and smooth muscle relaxation,
bronchodilaton acting on B2 receptors
Aldactone
Chlorathiazide
HCTZ - ANSWER-K sparing diuretic
Non calcium wasting diuretic
Sodium resorption in distal tubules
Aldosterone - ANSWER-Regulates fluids and electrolytes, stimulates resorption of
sodium and water in the distal collecting tubules, inhibits potassium secretion, maintains
BP, IV volume, CV function
Amphotericin B - ANSWER-Antifungal for candida sepsis
Ampicillin - ANSWER-A penicillin that is effective against gram-negative and gram-
positive bacteria
ANC - ANSWER-1500-8000
<1500- neutropenic
Anemia of Prematurity - ANSWER-Physiologic, falls to nadir at 6-8 weeks, until
reticulocytosis starts following hypoxic stimulus
Trx: erythropoietin, iron supplementation, avoid blood draws, transfusion
Anion Gap - ANSWER-Increased: Lactic acidosis, ARF, IEM
Low ionic gap: rare
metabolic acidosis with nl AG: renal, GI losses, HAL, meds
Antibiotic length of therapy - ANSWER-BC +: 7-10 days
UTI: 10 days
Pneumonia: 10 days
, Meningitis: 14-21 days
Antivirals - ANSWER-HSV, Varicella, HIV, Herpes
Acyclovir, AZT/Zidovudine
APGAR Scores - ANSWER--Activity [muscle tension]
-Pulse [HR 110-160]
-Grimace
-Appearance; Color = Pink, acrocyanosis [hand and feet blue]
-Respiratory Rate [30-60]
ARF and FeNA - ANSWER-< 1% = normal
1-2.5% = prerenal cause
>3% = intrinsic renal failure
Arginine - ANSWER-Corrects severe hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis
Arnold-Chiari malformation - ANSWER-Displacement of medulla, cerebellum and 4th
ventricle into cervical canal, impaired CSF flow, diagnosed by CT
ASD treatment - ANSWER-Treat CHF, surgical closure if severe (BF LA- RA- RV- Pulm
artery- lungs)
Autosomal dominant - ANSWER-Requires one gene to inherit and be "present" (OI,
PKD, Beckwith-Weidmann, neurofibromatosis)
autosomal recessive - ANSWER-two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in
order for the disease or trait to develop (PKU, CF, Sickle Cell, Oculutaneous albinism)
Ballard Exam - ANSWER-for gestational age
assessment of passive flexor tone via
- passive flexion
- resistance to passive flexion
- angles of recoil
physical assessment
- skin texture
- lanugo
- plantar surfaces creases (appear from 28 weeks-term)
- breast
- ear/eyes (eyes fuse @ 23 weeks, open btwn 26-28 weeks)
- genitals
Barlow maneuver - ANSWER-newborn hip evaluation - adduction of hip - evaluates for
congenital dislocation, dislocates head of femur
