1|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
Introduction to Statistics - final exam Questions
and Correct Answers & Latest Updated
average
o :## - also called mean; a number that describes the central tendency of the data
- a number that describes the central tendency of the data; there are a number of specialized
averages, including the arithmetic mean, weighted mean, median, mode, and geometric mean.
blinding
o :## not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving
categorical variable
o :## variables that take on values that are names or labels
cluster sampling
o :## a method for selecting a random sampling and dividing the population into groups
(clusters); use simple random sampling to select a set of clusters. every individual in the
chosen clusters is included in the sample
continuous random variable
o :## a random variable (RV) whose outcomes are measured; the height of trees in the forest is
a continuous RV.
control group
o :## a group in a randomized experiment that receives an inactive treatment but is otherwise
managed exactly as the other groups
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
,2|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
convenience sampling
o :## a nonrandom method of selecting a sample; this method selects individuals that are
easily accessible and may result in biased data.
cumulative relative frequency
o :## The term applies to an ordered set of observations from smallest to largest. The
cumulative relative frequency is the sum of the relative frequencies for all values that are less
than or equal to the given value.
data
o :## a set of observations (a set of possible outcomes); most data can be put into two groups:
qualitative or quantitative which is broken down into discrete and continuous
qualitative data
o :## (an attribute whose value is indicated by a label
quantitative data
o :## an attribute whose value is indicated by a number
discrete data
o :## data that is the result of counting (such as the number of students of a given ethnic group
in a class or number of books on a shelf)
continuous data
o :## data that is the result of measuring (such as distance traveled or weight of luggage)
discrete random variable
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
, 3|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
o :## a random variable (RV) whose outcomes are counted
double blinging
o :## the act of blinging both the subjects of an experiment and the researchers who work with
the subjects
experimental unit
o :## any individual or object to be measured
explanitory variable
o :## the independent varibale in an experiment; the value controlled by researchers
frequency
o :## the number of times a value of the data occurs
informed consent
o :## any human subect in a research study must be cgnizant of any risks or costs associated
with the study. the subject has the right to know the nature of the treatments included in the
study, their potential risks, and their potential benefits. consent must be given freely by an
informed, fit participant
institutional review board
o :## a committee tasked with oversight of research programs that involve human subjects
lurking variable
o :## a variable that has an effect on a study even though it is neither an explanatory variable
nor a response variable
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
Introduction to Statistics - final exam Questions
and Correct Answers & Latest Updated
average
o :## - also called mean; a number that describes the central tendency of the data
- a number that describes the central tendency of the data; there are a number of specialized
averages, including the arithmetic mean, weighted mean, median, mode, and geometric mean.
blinding
o :## not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving
categorical variable
o :## variables that take on values that are names or labels
cluster sampling
o :## a method for selecting a random sampling and dividing the population into groups
(clusters); use simple random sampling to select a set of clusters. every individual in the
chosen clusters is included in the sample
continuous random variable
o :## a random variable (RV) whose outcomes are measured; the height of trees in the forest is
a continuous RV.
control group
o :## a group in a randomized experiment that receives an inactive treatment but is otherwise
managed exactly as the other groups
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
,2|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
convenience sampling
o :## a nonrandom method of selecting a sample; this method selects individuals that are
easily accessible and may result in biased data.
cumulative relative frequency
o :## The term applies to an ordered set of observations from smallest to largest. The
cumulative relative frequency is the sum of the relative frequencies for all values that are less
than or equal to the given value.
data
o :## a set of observations (a set of possible outcomes); most data can be put into two groups:
qualitative or quantitative which is broken down into discrete and continuous
qualitative data
o :## (an attribute whose value is indicated by a label
quantitative data
o :## an attribute whose value is indicated by a number
discrete data
o :## data that is the result of counting (such as the number of students of a given ethnic group
in a class or number of books on a shelf)
continuous data
o :## data that is the result of measuring (such as distance traveled or weight of luggage)
discrete random variable
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
, 3|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
o :## a random variable (RV) whose outcomes are counted
double blinging
o :## the act of blinging both the subjects of an experiment and the researchers who work with
the subjects
experimental unit
o :## any individual or object to be measured
explanitory variable
o :## the independent varibale in an experiment; the value controlled by researchers
frequency
o :## the number of times a value of the data occurs
informed consent
o :## any human subect in a research study must be cgnizant of any risks or costs associated
with the study. the subject has the right to know the nature of the treatments included in the
study, their potential risks, and their potential benefits. consent must be given freely by an
informed, fit participant
institutional review board
o :## a committee tasked with oversight of research programs that involve human subjects
lurking variable
o :## a variable that has an effect on a study even though it is neither an explanatory variable
nor a response variable
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
