1|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
Advanced Fetal Monitoring Questions and
Correct Answers & Latest Updated
True or False: Moderate variability reliably predicts the absence of metabolic acidemia at
the time it is observed
o :## True
Paper speed for fetal monitoring in the US is...
o :## 3cm/min
Where is the baseline FHR regulated?
o :## Intrinsic cardiac pacemakers, SA node (110-160bpm) and AV node (40-60bpm)
Baseline FHR decreases with gestational age due to...
o :## Increasing parasympathetic tone
At what gestational age are FHR accelerations expected to be 15x15?
o :## 32 weeks. Under 32 weeks, 10x10 is acceptable.
Risk Management is...
o :## any activity, process, or policy to reduce liability
Quality assurance is...
o :## activities and programs intended to improve quality of care
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
,2|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
A sentinel event is...
o :## any unanticipated event resulting in death or serious physical or psychological injury to a
patient or patients, not related to the natural course of the patient's illness
Nonmaleficence is...
o :## the principle of not doing harm
Beneficence is...
o :## an act of charity, mercy, and kindness with a strong connotation of doing good to others,
including moral obligation
Personal autonomy is...
o :## the capacity to decide for oneself and pursue the course of action in one's life, often
regardless of any particular moral content
Fetal oxygenation consists of what two basic elements:
o :## Transfer of oxygen from the environment to the fetus (extrinsic factors/external
environment) and Fetal response to interruption of oxygen transfer (intrinsic factors/internal
environment)
Total amount of oxygen in arterial blood consists of two components:
o :## PaO2 and SaO2
% of PaO2, or "floating" oxygen
o :## 1-2%
% of SaO2, or "bound" oxygen
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
,3|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
o :## 98-99%
True or False: The "extra" floating oxygen that is dissolved in plasma creates an increased
"pressure" that helps bind oxygen to hemoglobin
o :## True
Oxygen saturation, or SaO2 is...
o :## % of oxygen carried on hemoglobin
Hemoglobin can carry a maximum of ___ molecules of oxygen
o :## 4
What is the maternal oxygen pathway?
o :## Environment, lungs, heart, vasculature, uterus, placenta, umbilical cord, fetus
What occurs once maternal oxygen reaches the vasculature?
o :## Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs to the uterus via the pulmonary veins, left
atrium and ventricle, aorta, and uterine arteries
What is passive diffusion?
o :## Diffusion of oxygen across the placenta that eventually leads to the spiral arteries that
infiltrate the intervillous space of the placenta. The oxygenated blood bathes the chorionic
villi on the fetal side of the placenta.
True or False: The exchange of oxygen between the maternal and fetal circulations occurs at
the uterine level in the maternal oxygen pathway?
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
, 4|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
o :## False. This occurs at the placental level.
Oxygen affinity is...
o :## The ability of hemoglobin to acquire and release oxygen molecules. "attraction"
True or False: Higher PaO2 levels in the lungs decrease the hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen
o :## False. It increases the affinity
True or False: Lower PaO2 levels in the body tissues allows oxygen to be readily released
from the hemoglobin
o :## True
PCR of ____, along with elevated BP is a sign of pre-e
o :## >/= 0.3
In pre-term labor, magnesium may be given for...
o :## Neuro protection
Factors that increase oxygen delivery to the tissues include:
o :## Exercise, uterine contractions (labor), increased metabolism, certain medications,
transfusing PRBC
Factors that decrease oxygen delivery to the tissues include:
o :## Hypovolemia, hypoxemia, anemia (mother needs to retain)
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
Advanced Fetal Monitoring Questions and
Correct Answers & Latest Updated
True or False: Moderate variability reliably predicts the absence of metabolic acidemia at
the time it is observed
o :## True
Paper speed for fetal monitoring in the US is...
o :## 3cm/min
Where is the baseline FHR regulated?
o :## Intrinsic cardiac pacemakers, SA node (110-160bpm) and AV node (40-60bpm)
Baseline FHR decreases with gestational age due to...
o :## Increasing parasympathetic tone
At what gestational age are FHR accelerations expected to be 15x15?
o :## 32 weeks. Under 32 weeks, 10x10 is acceptable.
Risk Management is...
o :## any activity, process, or policy to reduce liability
Quality assurance is...
o :## activities and programs intended to improve quality of care
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
,2|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
A sentinel event is...
o :## any unanticipated event resulting in death or serious physical or psychological injury to a
patient or patients, not related to the natural course of the patient's illness
Nonmaleficence is...
o :## the principle of not doing harm
Beneficence is...
o :## an act of charity, mercy, and kindness with a strong connotation of doing good to others,
including moral obligation
Personal autonomy is...
o :## the capacity to decide for oneself and pursue the course of action in one's life, often
regardless of any particular moral content
Fetal oxygenation consists of what two basic elements:
o :## Transfer of oxygen from the environment to the fetus (extrinsic factors/external
environment) and Fetal response to interruption of oxygen transfer (intrinsic factors/internal
environment)
Total amount of oxygen in arterial blood consists of two components:
o :## PaO2 and SaO2
% of PaO2, or "floating" oxygen
o :## 1-2%
% of SaO2, or "bound" oxygen
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
,3|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
o :## 98-99%
True or False: The "extra" floating oxygen that is dissolved in plasma creates an increased
"pressure" that helps bind oxygen to hemoglobin
o :## True
Oxygen saturation, or SaO2 is...
o :## % of oxygen carried on hemoglobin
Hemoglobin can carry a maximum of ___ molecules of oxygen
o :## 4
What is the maternal oxygen pathway?
o :## Environment, lungs, heart, vasculature, uterus, placenta, umbilical cord, fetus
What occurs once maternal oxygen reaches the vasculature?
o :## Oxygenated blood travels from the lungs to the uterus via the pulmonary veins, left
atrium and ventricle, aorta, and uterine arteries
What is passive diffusion?
o :## Diffusion of oxygen across the placenta that eventually leads to the spiral arteries that
infiltrate the intervillous space of the placenta. The oxygenated blood bathes the chorionic
villi on the fetal side of the placenta.
True or False: The exchange of oxygen between the maternal and fetal circulations occurs at
the uterine level in the maternal oxygen pathway?
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
, 4|Page: 2024/2025 Grade A+
o :## False. This occurs at the placental level.
Oxygen affinity is...
o :## The ability of hemoglobin to acquire and release oxygen molecules. "attraction"
True or False: Higher PaO2 levels in the lungs decrease the hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen
o :## False. It increases the affinity
True or False: Lower PaO2 levels in the body tissues allows oxygen to be readily released
from the hemoglobin
o :## True
PCR of ____, along with elevated BP is a sign of pre-e
o :## >/= 0.3
In pre-term labor, magnesium may be given for...
o :## Neuro protection
Factors that increase oxygen delivery to the tissues include:
o :## Exercise, uterine contractions (labor), increased metabolism, certain medications,
transfusing PRBC
Factors that decrease oxygen delivery to the tissues include:
o :## Hypovolemia, hypoxemia, anemia (mother needs to retain)
Master01: DO NOT COPY AND PASTE!! August 25, 2024 Latest Update
