GTC Microbiology Final Review
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is septicemia? - Correct Answer- a systematic disease caused by presence of pathogenic
microorganisms or toxins in the blood
How does it differ from bacteremia? - Correct Answer- bacteremia is bacteria in the blood.
Septicemia is the presence of microoganisms in the blood.
What is the cause of endotoxic shock? - Correct Answer- the LPS layer of gram negative
bacteria contains endotoxins that are released when large amounts of gram negative bacteria
are killed- thus leading to endotoxic shock.
What is the cause of puerperal fever? - Correct Answer- Strep. pyogenes
Explain how rheumatic fever develops? - Correct Answer- rheumatic fever is caused by a
Strep. pyogenes infection. It's a sequelae - or aftermath of the disease.
What type of hypersensitivity is that? - Correct Answer- type 3- immunocomplex
Name two types of bacteria that cause acute bacterial endocarditis: - Correct Answer- Staph
aureus, Strep pneumonia, viridians streptococcus
What causes cat scratch fever? - Correct Answer- Bartonella
Name the signs of cat scratch fever: - Correct Answer- lymph node enlargement in children
What does it mean that the disease often is "subclinical"? - Correct Answer- it means that
there are no apparent symptoms or signs
Name the causative agent in plague: - Correct Answer- Yersinia
,What is a buboe? - Correct Answer- lymph node enlargement
What type of plague has the highest mortality? - Correct Answer- pneumonic- 100%
mortality within 3 days
How does transmission of plague occur? - Correct Answer- bubonic: through flea bites that
were infected by rodents. pneumonic: through human to human contact
Can the plague be treated? - Correct Answer- yes- streptomycin and tetracycline
Name the bacteria that cause lyme disease: - Correct Answer- Borrelia
How is it transmitted? - Correct Answer- tick bites
Is a bull's eye rash always seen? - Correct Answer- in 80% of the cases
What is the bull's eye rash? - Correct Answer- Erythema Migrans-it is not always a bullseye
and is not always the site of the tick bite
Can lyme disease be treated? - Correct Answer- yes- penicillins, tetracyclines or
cephalosporins are effective in the first phase. Later phases are difficult to treat.
What are some late manifestations of lyme disease? - Correct Answer- lyme disease can
cause arthritis (stage 3) and nervous/cardiovascular system problems (stage 2)
How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted? - Correct Answer- through tick bites
Which bacterium causes RMSF? - Correct Answer- Rickettsia
What type of rash is seen in RMSF? - Correct Answer- petechiae
,What are other symptoms? - Correct Answer- headache, vomiting, fever, muscle pain, nausea,
abdominal pain
How serious is RMSF? - Correct Answer- it is very serious. It can be fatal if not treated- it
can cause multi-system organ failure.
What is the cause of "mono"? - Correct Answer- Epstein Barr virus
Which cells are involved in mono? - Correct Answer- B lymphocyte
Characterize the virus that causes this disease: - Correct Answer- dsDNA/enveloped
Why is this called a "persistent" infection? - Correct Answer- it's called persistent because it
invades many organs such as the liver, heart and kidneys
How is it transmitted? - Correct Answer- through saliva
What is the cause of Burkitt's lymphoma? - Correct Answer- Epstein Barr virus
What are the signs? - Correct Answer- night sweats, high fever, weight loss, pain, malaise,
diarrhea, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Who is most at risk for CMV infections? - Correct Answer- immunocompromised people
What does CMV stand for? - Correct Answer- Cytomegaly virus
What does it mean that this disease is often "subclinical"? - Correct Answer- it means that
there are no signs or symptoms in most people
Name a viral hemorrhagic fever: - Correct Answer- Dengue fever, yellow fever or Ebola
fever
, Name the agent that causes malaria: - Correct Answer- Plasmodium vivax
How is it transmitted? - Correct Answer- through a mosquito bite-->liver-->red blood cell
What types of symptoms and signs are seen? - Correct Answer- intervals of high fever,
anemia, fatigue, jaundice
Is there treatment? What is it? - Correct Answer- yes- the antiprotozoan drug chloroquine
What is the concern in infections with Toxoplasma? - Correct Answer- it is teratogenic and
can cause birth defects in unborn babies if a pregnant woman contracts it.
Where do these infections come from? - Correct Answer- from cat feces-->soil-->plants--
>animals-->humans (eating meat not fully cooked)
Name all of the teratogenic agents signified by the acronym TORCH: - Correct Answer-
Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegaly, Herpes
Name a helminth that causes granulomas to form in mulit-organ systems: - Correct Answer-
Schistosoma
How do "trench mouth" and "thrush mouth" differ? - Correct Answer- "Trench mouth" =
acute necrotizing gingivitis- the overgrowth of certain bacteria with bleeding gums,
ulceration, fever and pain. It is caused by Strep. mutans. "Thrush mouth" is caused by an
overgrowth of Candida albicans- a yeast. It causes creamy white lesions, usually on your
tongue or inner cheeks.
Name the common cause of dental caries: - Correct Answer- Strep. mutans
Name the cause of "cold sores": - Correct Answer- HSV1
Is that eveloped or non enveloped virus? - Correct Answer- enveloped
Name the disease that has parotid swelling as a sign: - Correct Answer- Mumps
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What is septicemia? - Correct Answer- a systematic disease caused by presence of pathogenic
microorganisms or toxins in the blood
How does it differ from bacteremia? - Correct Answer- bacteremia is bacteria in the blood.
Septicemia is the presence of microoganisms in the blood.
What is the cause of endotoxic shock? - Correct Answer- the LPS layer of gram negative
bacteria contains endotoxins that are released when large amounts of gram negative bacteria
are killed- thus leading to endotoxic shock.
What is the cause of puerperal fever? - Correct Answer- Strep. pyogenes
Explain how rheumatic fever develops? - Correct Answer- rheumatic fever is caused by a
Strep. pyogenes infection. It's a sequelae - or aftermath of the disease.
What type of hypersensitivity is that? - Correct Answer- type 3- immunocomplex
Name two types of bacteria that cause acute bacterial endocarditis: - Correct Answer- Staph
aureus, Strep pneumonia, viridians streptococcus
What causes cat scratch fever? - Correct Answer- Bartonella
Name the signs of cat scratch fever: - Correct Answer- lymph node enlargement in children
What does it mean that the disease often is "subclinical"? - Correct Answer- it means that
there are no apparent symptoms or signs
Name the causative agent in plague: - Correct Answer- Yersinia
,What is a buboe? - Correct Answer- lymph node enlargement
What type of plague has the highest mortality? - Correct Answer- pneumonic- 100%
mortality within 3 days
How does transmission of plague occur? - Correct Answer- bubonic: through flea bites that
were infected by rodents. pneumonic: through human to human contact
Can the plague be treated? - Correct Answer- yes- streptomycin and tetracycline
Name the bacteria that cause lyme disease: - Correct Answer- Borrelia
How is it transmitted? - Correct Answer- tick bites
Is a bull's eye rash always seen? - Correct Answer- in 80% of the cases
What is the bull's eye rash? - Correct Answer- Erythema Migrans-it is not always a bullseye
and is not always the site of the tick bite
Can lyme disease be treated? - Correct Answer- yes- penicillins, tetracyclines or
cephalosporins are effective in the first phase. Later phases are difficult to treat.
What are some late manifestations of lyme disease? - Correct Answer- lyme disease can
cause arthritis (stage 3) and nervous/cardiovascular system problems (stage 2)
How is Rocky Mountain spotted fever transmitted? - Correct Answer- through tick bites
Which bacterium causes RMSF? - Correct Answer- Rickettsia
What type of rash is seen in RMSF? - Correct Answer- petechiae
,What are other symptoms? - Correct Answer- headache, vomiting, fever, muscle pain, nausea,
abdominal pain
How serious is RMSF? - Correct Answer- it is very serious. It can be fatal if not treated- it
can cause multi-system organ failure.
What is the cause of "mono"? - Correct Answer- Epstein Barr virus
Which cells are involved in mono? - Correct Answer- B lymphocyte
Characterize the virus that causes this disease: - Correct Answer- dsDNA/enveloped
Why is this called a "persistent" infection? - Correct Answer- it's called persistent because it
invades many organs such as the liver, heart and kidneys
How is it transmitted? - Correct Answer- through saliva
What is the cause of Burkitt's lymphoma? - Correct Answer- Epstein Barr virus
What are the signs? - Correct Answer- night sweats, high fever, weight loss, pain, malaise,
diarrhea, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Who is most at risk for CMV infections? - Correct Answer- immunocompromised people
What does CMV stand for? - Correct Answer- Cytomegaly virus
What does it mean that this disease is often "subclinical"? - Correct Answer- it means that
there are no signs or symptoms in most people
Name a viral hemorrhagic fever: - Correct Answer- Dengue fever, yellow fever or Ebola
fever
, Name the agent that causes malaria: - Correct Answer- Plasmodium vivax
How is it transmitted? - Correct Answer- through a mosquito bite-->liver-->red blood cell
What types of symptoms and signs are seen? - Correct Answer- intervals of high fever,
anemia, fatigue, jaundice
Is there treatment? What is it? - Correct Answer- yes- the antiprotozoan drug chloroquine
What is the concern in infections with Toxoplasma? - Correct Answer- it is teratogenic and
can cause birth defects in unborn babies if a pregnant woman contracts it.
Where do these infections come from? - Correct Answer- from cat feces-->soil-->plants--
>animals-->humans (eating meat not fully cooked)
Name all of the teratogenic agents signified by the acronym TORCH: - Correct Answer-
Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegaly, Herpes
Name a helminth that causes granulomas to form in mulit-organ systems: - Correct Answer-
Schistosoma
How do "trench mouth" and "thrush mouth" differ? - Correct Answer- "Trench mouth" =
acute necrotizing gingivitis- the overgrowth of certain bacteria with bleeding gums,
ulceration, fever and pain. It is caused by Strep. mutans. "Thrush mouth" is caused by an
overgrowth of Candida albicans- a yeast. It causes creamy white lesions, usually on your
tongue or inner cheeks.
Name the common cause of dental caries: - Correct Answer- Strep. mutans
Name the cause of "cold sores": - Correct Answer- HSV1
Is that eveloped or non enveloped virus? - Correct Answer- enveloped
Name the disease that has parotid swelling as a sign: - Correct Answer- Mumps
