ASBOG EXAM PREP 2024/2025 with 100% correct answers
A growth fault is similar to a ________________, except that it ________________. -
✔✔normal fault; occurs simultaneously with the deposition of sedimentary rock
Growth faults are typical in areas characterized by ________________ such as in
________________ or any other region in which ________________. - ✔✔ongoing
sedimentation; river deltas; the Earth's crust is sinking at a fast pace
Detachment faults are ________________ typically with displacement in the
________________ range. - ✔✔low angle regional normal faults; tens of kilometer
Detachment faults are large faults found in areas of ________________ and usually juxtapose
________________ headwall rocks against ________________ footwall rocks. - ✔✔extensional
tectonism; unmetamorphosed; mildly to highly metamorphosed
A listric fault has a ________ shape with the ________________. - ✔✔curved; angle of the
curve greatest near the surface
An oblique-slip fault is one with both ________ and ________ components. The footwall and
hanging wall do not move exclusively ________________, but instead move in
________________. - ✔✔strike-slip; dip-slip; along the fault's strike or dip; a diagonal direction
A thrust fault is essentially a ________________ in which the plane of the fault is between
________________. - ✔✔low angle reverse fault; 0 and 45 degrees
Normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults are commonly encountered faults that
typically range from ________________. - ✔✔45 degrees to 90 degrees
In a normal fault, the hanging wall will move ________ in relation to the footwall. Normal faults
characterize ________ tectonic environments in many instances. - ✔✔downward; extensional
, In a reverse fault, the hanging wall will move ________ in relation to the footwall. Reverse
faults suggest ________ tectonic regimes. - ✔✔upward; compressional
In a strike-slip fault, the movement is ________________ with no relative ________________
of the headwall or footwall. - ✔✔parallel to the strike of the fault plane; up or down
displacement
From an elevated vantage point, a normal or reverse fault will have appeared to have moved
________________, whereas the strike-slip fault will appear to move ________________. -
✔✔up or down; side to side
In a fault, both vertical and horizontal components of displacement may be ________________.
- ✔✔active simultaneously
heave - ✔✔horizontal movement along a fault
throw - ✔✔vertical displacement along a fault
Net slip is ________________. A vector between these points indicates the ________________.
- ✔✔the measure of the distance between two points that were adjacent before the first
movement in a fault; distance and direction of fault displacement.
Strike separation is measured ________________, and is defined as ________________. -
✔✔across the strike of the fault; the horizontal distance between each side of the fault
Offset is the ________________ measured ________________. - ✔✔component of
displacement; perpendicular to the strike of the disrupted side of the fault
A fault is a ________________. The displacement may be ________________. - ✔✔fracture or
a fracture zone in crustal rocks along which there has been displacement of the two sides relative
to one another parallel to the fracture; a few inches or miles long
A growth fault is similar to a ________________, except that it ________________. -
✔✔normal fault; occurs simultaneously with the deposition of sedimentary rock
Growth faults are typical in areas characterized by ________________ such as in
________________ or any other region in which ________________. - ✔✔ongoing
sedimentation; river deltas; the Earth's crust is sinking at a fast pace
Detachment faults are ________________ typically with displacement in the
________________ range. - ✔✔low angle regional normal faults; tens of kilometer
Detachment faults are large faults found in areas of ________________ and usually juxtapose
________________ headwall rocks against ________________ footwall rocks. - ✔✔extensional
tectonism; unmetamorphosed; mildly to highly metamorphosed
A listric fault has a ________ shape with the ________________. - ✔✔curved; angle of the
curve greatest near the surface
An oblique-slip fault is one with both ________ and ________ components. The footwall and
hanging wall do not move exclusively ________________, but instead move in
________________. - ✔✔strike-slip; dip-slip; along the fault's strike or dip; a diagonal direction
A thrust fault is essentially a ________________ in which the plane of the fault is between
________________. - ✔✔low angle reverse fault; 0 and 45 degrees
Normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults are commonly encountered faults that
typically range from ________________. - ✔✔45 degrees to 90 degrees
In a normal fault, the hanging wall will move ________ in relation to the footwall. Normal faults
characterize ________ tectonic environments in many instances. - ✔✔downward; extensional
, In a reverse fault, the hanging wall will move ________ in relation to the footwall. Reverse
faults suggest ________ tectonic regimes. - ✔✔upward; compressional
In a strike-slip fault, the movement is ________________ with no relative ________________
of the headwall or footwall. - ✔✔parallel to the strike of the fault plane; up or down
displacement
From an elevated vantage point, a normal or reverse fault will have appeared to have moved
________________, whereas the strike-slip fault will appear to move ________________. -
✔✔up or down; side to side
In a fault, both vertical and horizontal components of displacement may be ________________.
- ✔✔active simultaneously
heave - ✔✔horizontal movement along a fault
throw - ✔✔vertical displacement along a fault
Net slip is ________________. A vector between these points indicates the ________________.
- ✔✔the measure of the distance between two points that were adjacent before the first
movement in a fault; distance and direction of fault displacement.
Strike separation is measured ________________, and is defined as ________________. -
✔✔across the strike of the fault; the horizontal distance between each side of the fault
Offset is the ________________ measured ________________. - ✔✔component of
displacement; perpendicular to the strike of the disrupted side of the fault
A fault is a ________________. The displacement may be ________________. - ✔✔fracture or
a fracture zone in crustal rocks along which there has been displacement of the two sides relative
to one another parallel to the fracture; a few inches or miles long
