Applied Pathophysiology
A Conceptual Approach, 18 Chapters are
included with questions and highlighted answers
Chapter 1. Introduction to Pathophysiology
1. The nucleus , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
A) is the site of protein synthesis
B) contains the genetic code
C) transforms cellular energy
D) initiates aerobic metabolism
2. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical
messenger systems that:
A) displace surface receptor proteins.
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions.
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
3. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
B) millivoltage of electrical potential.
C) polarization of charged particles.
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
4. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also
known as involuntary muscle) differs by:
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
,D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.
5. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis.
B) an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
C) insufficient energy production within a cell.
D) accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm.
6. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest
amount of energy?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Passive transport
C) Vesicular transport
D) Simple diffusion
7. Which of the following body tissues exhibits the highest rate of turnover and
renewal?
A) The squamous epithelial cells of the skin
B) The connective tissue supporting blood vessels
C) The skeletal muscle that facilitates movement
D) The nervous tissue that constitutes the central nervous system
1. tient with a pathophysiologic condition that affects the desmosomes is
most likely to exhibit:
A) paired contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle.
B) akness of the collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular space.
C) paired communication between neurons and effector organs.
D) aration at the junctions between epithelial cells.
8. A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing
hyperglycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of
glucose transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack
, intracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the following
processes would best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Simple diffusion
C) Secondary active transport
D) Endocytosis
9. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility
testing. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility,
a finding that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.
Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the mans
sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
10. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
11. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the
number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description
and type of epithelial tissue?
A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not
extend to surface
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement
membrane
C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying
connective tissue
, D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on
basement membrane
12. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
13. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power
plants of the cell because they:
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis.
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
C) extract energy from organic compounds.
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
14. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains.
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
15. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the
extracellular fluid.
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
16. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
A Conceptual Approach, 18 Chapters are
included with questions and highlighted answers
Chapter 1. Introduction to Pathophysiology
1. The nucleus , which is essential for function and survival of the cell.
A) is the site of protein synthesis
B) contains the genetic code
C) transforms cellular energy
D) initiates aerobic metabolism
2. To effectively relay signals, cell-to-cell communication utilizes chemical
messenger systems that:
A) displace surface receptor proteins.
B) accumulate within cell gap junctions.
C) bind to contractile microfilaments.
D) release secretions into extracellular fluid.
3. The process responsible for generating and conducting membrane potentials is:
A) diffusion of current-carrying ions.
B) millivoltage of electrical potential.
C) polarization of charged particles.
D) ion channel neurotransmission.
4. Although all muscle tissue cells have some similarities, smooth muscle (also
known as involuntary muscle) differs by:
A) having dense bodies attached to actin filaments.
B) containing sarcomeres between Z lines and M bands.
C) having rapid contractions and abundant cross-striations.
,D) contracting in response to increased intracellular calcium.
5. Impairment in the function of peroxisomes would result in:
A) inadequate sites for protein synthesis.
B) an inability to transport cellular products across the cell membrane.
C) insufficient energy production within a cell.
D) accumulation of free radicals in the cytoplasm.
6. Which of the following membrane transport mechanisms requires the greatest
amount of energy?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Passive transport
C) Vesicular transport
D) Simple diffusion
7. Which of the following body tissues exhibits the highest rate of turnover and
renewal?
A) The squamous epithelial cells of the skin
B) The connective tissue supporting blood vessels
C) The skeletal muscle that facilitates movement
D) The nervous tissue that constitutes the central nervous system
1. tient with a pathophysiologic condition that affects the desmosomes is
most likely to exhibit:
A) paired contraction of skeletal and smooth muscle.
B) akness of the collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular space.
C) paired communication between neurons and effector organs.
D) aration at the junctions between epithelial cells.
8. A male patient with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus is experiencing
hyperglycemia because he lacks sufficient insulin to increase the availability of
glucose transporters in his cell membranes. Consequently, his cells lack
, intracellular glucose and it accumulates in his blood. Which of the following
processes would best allow glucose to cross his cell membranes?
A) Facilitated diffusion
B) Simple diffusion
C) Secondary active transport
D) Endocytosis
9. After several months of trying to conceive, a couple is undergoing fertility
testing. Semen analysis indicates that the mans sperm have decreased motility,
a finding that is thought to underlie the couples inability to become pregnant.
Which of the following cellular components may be defective within the mans
sperm?
A) Ribosomes
B) Microtubules
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
10. Which of the following aspects of the function of the nucleus is performed by
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
A) Copying and carrying DNA instructions for protein synthesis
B) Carrying amino acids to the site of protein synthesis
C) Providing the site where protein synthesis occurs
D) Regulating and controlling protein synthesis
11. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the
number of layers. Which of the following is a correctly matched description
and type of epithelial tissue?
A) Simple epithelium: cells in contact with intercellular matrix; some do not
extend to surface
B) Stratified epithelium: single layer of cells; all cells rest on basement
membrane
C) Glandular epithelium: arise from surface epithelia and underlying
connective tissue
, D) Pseudostratified epithelium: multiple layers of cells; deepest layer rests on
basement membrane
12. Aerobic metabolism, also known as oxidative metabolism, provides energy by:
A) removing the phosphate bonds from ATP.
B) combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water.
C) activating pyruvate stored in the cytoplasm.
D) breaking down glucose to form lactic acid.
13. Although energy is not made in mitochondria, they are known as the power
plants of the cell because they:
A) contain RNA for protein synthesis.
B) utilize glycolysis for oxidative energy.
C) extract energy from organic compounds.
D) store calcium bonds for muscle contractions.
14. Although the basic structure of the cell plasma membrane is formed by a lipid
bilayer, most of the specific membrane functions are carried out by:
A) bound and transmembrane proteins.
B) complex, long carbohydrate chains.
C) surface antigens and hormone receptors.
D) a gating system of selective ion channels.
15. Exocytosis, the reverse of endocytosis, is important in into the
extracellular fluid.
A) Engulfing and ingesting fluid and proteins for transport
B) Killing, degrading, and dissolving harmful microorganisms
C) Removing cellular debris and releasing synthesized substances
D) Destruction of particles by lysosomal enzymes for secretion
16. Connective tissue contains fibroblasts that are responsible for:
A) providing a fibrous framework for capillaries.
