NSC 170c1 Exam 4 Study Guide
Questions with Correct Answers
When an Infant is ready for solid foods - Answer-Introduced around 6 months of age.
Making sure the baby is ready for it but making sure the tongue-thrust reflex has faded;
if the infant can control its own head and neck, and is able to sit up without support.
Bioaccumulation of Pollutants & Food Contamination - Answer-The gradual build up
over time of a chemical in a living organism. This occurs either because the chemical is
taken up faster than it can be used or because the chemical cannot be broken down for
use by the organism (that is, the chemical cannot be metabolized).
o Pesticides are an example of a contaminant that bio-accumulates in organisms. Rain
can wash freshly sprayed pesticides into creeks, where they will eventually make their
way to rivers, estuaries, and the ocean.
Advantages and Health Concerns of Pesticide Use - Answer-Advantages: Helpful in
preventing growth of harmful fungi, controlling damaging insects.
Health concerns: they can cause unintended harm to animals, the environment, and
even humans.
Advantages & Concerns of Organic Foods - Answer-Growing crops without the use of
some synthetic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, and bioengineering. They do cost more
and no evidence that they are more nutritious than conventionally grown foods.
Genetic Modification (benefits and concerns) - Answer-Create bigger and better
produce and disease-resistant crops. They have both original and foreign genes. Doing
this helps kill certain bacteria. Foods could become "Frankenstein"
Health of father and the pre-conception health of the mother impact on fertilized eggs -
Answer-Smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse affect the man's sperm and mortality.
Attaining a healthy weight, getting plenty of folic acid, and moderate fish and caffeine
consumption, avoid cigarettes and other toxic substances.
Target weight during pregnancy - Answer-On average pregnant women gain 27.5
pounds.
Maternal fat stores -about 7 lbs, uterus and breast - 4 lbs, blood 3-4 lbs, fetus - about 7
lbs, placenta, amniotic fluids and other fluids- about 8 lbs.
Nutrients of concern during pregnancy - Answer-- Folate
- Iron
- Zinc
, - Copper.
Behaviors to avoid during pregnancy for the Mother - Answer-- Avoid certain foods
because they are sustainable to food borne illnesses.
- They should not smoke or drink.
- No more than 12 ounces of coffee a day.
Gestational diabetes - Answer-Type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. Can
cause harm to the baby and to the mother.
Breastfeeding - Answer-- Releases the hormone oxytocin which stimulates contractions
in the uterus to help the organ return to its pregnancy shape and size.
- If a women in their 20s breastfeed for up to two years it may reduce the risk for breast
and ovarian cancer.
Formula Feeding - Answer-Cost effective-about $1,200 a year. Also, infants with a
genetic disorder called "galactosemia" cannot metabolize lactose and should not be
breast-fed.
Nutrient & Caloric Needs in Infants - Answer-- Infants Grow At an Accelerated Rate:
• Doubles birth weight by 6 months
• Triples it by 12 months
- Babies double their weight by 6 months and triple it after a year.
BMI Calculation - Answer-=(wt(lbs.)/2.2kg)/(ht(in.)/39.4m)^2
BMI Categories - Answer-underweight: <18.5
healthy weight: 18.5-25
overweight: 25-29.9
obese: ≥30
Disease Risk based on BMI - Answer-underweight: high risk of infection and mortality
over: increased risk of chronic diseases
obese: 50%-100% risk of premature death
Methods of determining % body fat - Answer-- Skinfold thickness measurements
- Bioelectrical impedance
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
- Underwater weighing
- Air displacement
Subcutaneous fat - Answer-The fat sandwiched between your skin and muscles.
Visceral fat - Answer-Fat surrounding the organs. Releases fatty acids, causes insulin
resistance, and increases LDL (bad) and decreases HDL (good) cholesterol. Increases
risk for heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
Questions with Correct Answers
When an Infant is ready for solid foods - Answer-Introduced around 6 months of age.
Making sure the baby is ready for it but making sure the tongue-thrust reflex has faded;
if the infant can control its own head and neck, and is able to sit up without support.
Bioaccumulation of Pollutants & Food Contamination - Answer-The gradual build up
over time of a chemical in a living organism. This occurs either because the chemical is
taken up faster than it can be used or because the chemical cannot be broken down for
use by the organism (that is, the chemical cannot be metabolized).
o Pesticides are an example of a contaminant that bio-accumulates in organisms. Rain
can wash freshly sprayed pesticides into creeks, where they will eventually make their
way to rivers, estuaries, and the ocean.
Advantages and Health Concerns of Pesticide Use - Answer-Advantages: Helpful in
preventing growth of harmful fungi, controlling damaging insects.
Health concerns: they can cause unintended harm to animals, the environment, and
even humans.
Advantages & Concerns of Organic Foods - Answer-Growing crops without the use of
some synthetic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, and bioengineering. They do cost more
and no evidence that they are more nutritious than conventionally grown foods.
Genetic Modification (benefits and concerns) - Answer-Create bigger and better
produce and disease-resistant crops. They have both original and foreign genes. Doing
this helps kill certain bacteria. Foods could become "Frankenstein"
Health of father and the pre-conception health of the mother impact on fertilized eggs -
Answer-Smoking, alcohol, and drug abuse affect the man's sperm and mortality.
Attaining a healthy weight, getting plenty of folic acid, and moderate fish and caffeine
consumption, avoid cigarettes and other toxic substances.
Target weight during pregnancy - Answer-On average pregnant women gain 27.5
pounds.
Maternal fat stores -about 7 lbs, uterus and breast - 4 lbs, blood 3-4 lbs, fetus - about 7
lbs, placenta, amniotic fluids and other fluids- about 8 lbs.
Nutrients of concern during pregnancy - Answer-- Folate
- Iron
- Zinc
, - Copper.
Behaviors to avoid during pregnancy for the Mother - Answer-- Avoid certain foods
because they are sustainable to food borne illnesses.
- They should not smoke or drink.
- No more than 12 ounces of coffee a day.
Gestational diabetes - Answer-Type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy. Can
cause harm to the baby and to the mother.
Breastfeeding - Answer-- Releases the hormone oxytocin which stimulates contractions
in the uterus to help the organ return to its pregnancy shape and size.
- If a women in their 20s breastfeed for up to two years it may reduce the risk for breast
and ovarian cancer.
Formula Feeding - Answer-Cost effective-about $1,200 a year. Also, infants with a
genetic disorder called "galactosemia" cannot metabolize lactose and should not be
breast-fed.
Nutrient & Caloric Needs in Infants - Answer-- Infants Grow At an Accelerated Rate:
• Doubles birth weight by 6 months
• Triples it by 12 months
- Babies double their weight by 6 months and triple it after a year.
BMI Calculation - Answer-=(wt(lbs.)/2.2kg)/(ht(in.)/39.4m)^2
BMI Categories - Answer-underweight: <18.5
healthy weight: 18.5-25
overweight: 25-29.9
obese: ≥30
Disease Risk based on BMI - Answer-underweight: high risk of infection and mortality
over: increased risk of chronic diseases
obese: 50%-100% risk of premature death
Methods of determining % body fat - Answer-- Skinfold thickness measurements
- Bioelectrical impedance
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
- Underwater weighing
- Air displacement
Subcutaneous fat - Answer-The fat sandwiched between your skin and muscles.
Visceral fat - Answer-Fat surrounding the organs. Releases fatty acids, causes insulin
resistance, and increases LDL (bad) and decreases HDL (good) cholesterol. Increases
risk for heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
